1. Flocculants, coagulants na kondereti ni iki?
Izi mikorere zirashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bikurikira ukurikije uburyo butandukanye mukoresha sludge press filter filtration:
Flocculant: rimwe na rimwe bita coagulant, irashobora gukoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo gushimangira itandukanyirizo rikomeye ry’amazi, rikoreshwa mu kigega cy’ibanze cy’ibanze, ikigega cya kabiri cy’imitsi, ikigega cya flotation hamwe n’ubuvuzi bwa gatatu cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura buhanitse.
Imfashanyo ya coagulation: flocculants ifasha igira uruhare mukuzamura ingaruka ya coagulation.
Ikonjesha: Bizwi kandi nka agent de water, ikoreshwa mugutunganya isigara isigaye mbere yo kuhira, kandi ubwoko bwayo burimo bimwe mubimera byavuzwe haruguru hamwe na coagulants.
2. Flocculant
Flocculants nicyiciro cyibintu bishobora kugabanya cyangwa kuvanaho imvura ihagaze hamwe na polymerisime itajegajega mu mazi yatatanye mu mazi, kandi bigatuma ibice bitatanye byegeranywa kandi bigahinduka hamwe kugirango bikurweho.
Ukurikije imiterere yimiti, flocculants irashobora kugabanywamo ibinyabuzima bidafite umubiri na floculants.
Ibinyabuzima bidafite umubiri
Indabyo gakondo zidasanzwe ni imyunyu ngugu ya aluminiyumu n'umunyu w'icyuma.Umunyu wa aluminiyumu urimo sulfate ya aluminium (AL2 (SO4) 3 ∙ 18H2O), alum (AL2 (SO4) 3 ∙ K2SO4 ∙ 24H2O), sodium aluminate (NaALO3), umunyu w'icyuma urimo chloride ferricike (FeCL3 ∙ 6H20), sulfate ferrous ( FeSO4 ∙ 6H20) na sulfate ferricike (Fe2 (SO4) 3 ∙ 2H20).
Muri rusange, flocculants idafite imiterere ifite ibiranga kuboneka byoroshye kubikoresho fatizo, gutegura byoroshye, igiciro gito, ningaruka zo kuvura bitagereranywa, bityo bikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya amazi.
Inorganic polymer flocculant
Hydroxyl na ogisijeni ishingiye kuri polymers ya Al (III) na Fe (III) izakomeza guhurizwa hamwe, izabikwa mu gisubizo cy’amazi mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, kandi ingano yabyo izaba iri mu ntera ya nanometero.Igisubizo cya dosiye nyinshi.
Ugereranije uko bitwara hamwe nigipimo cya polymerisiyonike, reaction ya aluminium polymer iroroshye kandi imiterere irahagaze neza, mugihe polymer hydrolyzed polymer yicyuma ikora vuba kandi igatakaza byoroshye gutuza no kugwa.
Ibyiza bya polymer organique organique bigaragarira muburyo bukora neza kuruta flocculants gakondo nka aluminium sulfate na chloride ferric, kandi bihendutse kuruta polimeri kama polymer.Ubu chloride ya Polyaluminium yakoreshejwe neza muburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya amazi, amazi mabi y’inganda n’imyanda yo mu mijyi, harimo kwitegura, kuvura hagati no kuvura neza, kandi buhoro buhoro byahindutse abantu benshi.Nyamara, kubijyanye na morphologie, urwego rwa polymerisation hamwe ningaruka zijyanye na coagulation-flocculation, flogculants ya polymer organique iracyari mumwanya uri hagati yumunyu wumunyu gakondo hamwe na polymer polymer.
Choride ya polyaluminium, pac, msds policloruro de aluminio, cas no 1327 41 9, policloruro de aluminio, imiti ya pac yo kuvura amazi, chloride poly aluminium, yitwa PAC, ifite formulaire yimiti ALn (OH) mCL3n-m.PAC ni electrolyte itandukanye ishobora kugabanya cyane kwishyurwa rya colloidal yimyanda imeze nkibumba (ibicuruzwa byinshi bibi) mumazi.Bitewe nubunini bugereranije bwa molekuline nubushobozi bukomeye bwa adsorption, flocs zakozwe ni nini, kandi imikorere ya flokculasiya nubutaka iruta iyindi flocculants.
poly aluminium chloride ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwa polymerisation, kandi kubyutsa vuba nyuma yo kongeramo birashobora kugabanya cyane igihe cyo gushiraho floc.poly aluminium chloride PAC ntabwo yibasiwe nubushyuhe bwamazi, kandi ikora neza mugihe ubushyuhe bwamazi buri hasi.Igabanya pH agaciro k'amazi make, kandi urwego pH rushobora ni rugari (rushobora gukoreshwa murwego rwa pH = 5 ~ 9), ntabwo rero ari ngombwa kongeramo imiti ya alkaline.Igipimo cya PAC ni gito, ubwinshi bwibyondo byakozwe nabwo ni buto, kandi gukoresha, gucunga no gukora biroroshye, kandi nabyo ntibishobora kwangirika kubikoresho n'imiyoboro.Kubwibyo, PAC ifite imyumvire yo gusimbuza buhoro buhoro aluminium sulfate mu rwego rwo gutunganya amazi, kandi ibibi byayo ni uko igiciro kiri hejuru ugereranije n’ibimera gakondo.
Mubyongeyeho, duhereye kubisubizo bya chimie,PAC poly aluminium chlorideni ibicuruzwa bigezweho biva muri hydrolysis-polymerisation-imvura igwa yumunyu wa aluminium, ikaba idafite imbaraga.Mubisanzwe, ibicuruzwa bya PAC byamazi bigomba gukoreshwa mugihe gito (ibicuruzwa bikomeye bifite imikorere ihamye)., irashobora kubikwa igihe kirekire).Ongeramo imyunyu ngugu (nka CaCl2, MnCl2, nibindi) cyangwa macromolecules (nka alcool ya polyvinyl, polyacrylamide, nibindi) birashobora kuzamura umutekano wa PAC, kandi bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo guhuriza hamwe.
Kubijyanye nigikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro, anion imwe cyangwa nyinshi zitandukanye (nka SO42-, PO43-, nibindi) zitangizwa mubikorwa byo gukora PAC, kandi imiterere ya polymer nogukwirakwiza morphologie irashobora guhinduka kurwego runaka na polymerisation, bityo kuzamura ituze n’ingirakamaro bya PAC;niba ibindi bice bya cationic, nka Fe3 +, byinjijwe mubikorwa byo gukora PAC kugirango Al3 + na Fe3 + bigabanuke hydrolytically polymerized, ibyuma bya flocculant polyaluminium bishobora kuboneka.
Organic polymer flocculant
Synthetic organic polymer flocculants ahanini ni polipropilene na polyethylene, nka polyacrylamide na polyethyleneimine.Izi flocculants zose ni amazi-ashonga umurongo wa macromolecules, buri macromolecule igizwe nibice byinshi bisubiramo birimo amatsinda yashizwemo, bityo nanone bita polyelectrolytes.Ibirimo amatsinda yishyuwe neza ni cationic polyelectrolytes, naho ibifite amatsinda yashizwemo nabi ni anionic polyelectrolytes, idafite amatsinda meza cyangwa yashizwemo nabi, kandi yitwa polyelectrolytes nonionic.
Kugeza ubu, polymer flocculants ikoreshwa cyane ni anionic, kandi irashobora kugira uruhare gusa mu gufasha gukwirakwiza kwanduza imyanda mibi yanduye mu mazi.Akenshi ntishobora gukoreshwa wenyine, ariko ikoreshwa ifatanije numunyu wa aluminium n'umunyu w'icyuma.Clatic flocculants irashobora kugira uruhare mugihe coagulation na flocculation icyarimwe kandi ikoreshwa wenyine, bityo ikura vuba.
Kugeza ubu, polyacrylamide itari ionic polymers ikoreshwa cyane mugihugu cyanjye, ikoreshwa kenshi hamwe nu munyu wa fer na aluminium.Ingaruka yo kutagira amashanyarazi yumunyu wa aluminium na aluminiyumu ku bice bya colloidal hamwe nigikorwa cyiza cya flocculation ya polymer flocculants ikoreshwa kugirango ibone ingaruka zokuvura zishimishije.Polyacrylamide ifite ibiranga dosiye nkeya, umuvuduko wa coagulation yihuta, hamwe na floc nini kandi zikomeye zikoreshwa.80% bya synthique organic polymer flocculants ikorerwa mugihugu cyanjye nibicuruzwa.
Polyacrylamide PAM, polyelectrolyte ikoresha, ifu ya polyelectrolyte cationic, cationic polyelectrolyte, cationic polymer, cationic polyacrylamide nikintu gikoreshwa cyane mubukorikori bwa polotike ya polimike, polyelectrolyte, kandi rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa nka coagulant.Umusaruro wibikoresho bya polyacrylamide ni polyacrylonitrile CH2 = CHCN.Mubihe bimwe na bimwe, acrylonitrile iba hydrolyz kugirango ikore acrylamide, hanyuma acrylamide ihita ihagarikwa polymerisation kugirango ibone polyacrylamide.Polyacrylamide ni amazi ashonga amazi, kandi ibicuruzwa ni granular ikomeye kandi yumuti wamazi wamazi hamwe nibitekerezo bimwe.
Ubwoko busanzwe bwa polyacrylamide mumazi ni coil idasanzwe.Kuberako igiceri kidasanzwe gifite ingano nini yingingo hamwe na amide amatsinda hejuru yacyo, irashobora gukina ikiraro hamwe nubushobozi bwa adsorption, ni ukuvuga ko ifite ubunini buke.ubushobozi bumwe na bumwe.
Ariko, kubera ko urunigi rurerure rwa polyacrylamide rugoramye muri coil, intera yacyo ni nto.Nyuma yuko amatsinda abiri amide ahujwe, bihwanye no guhagarika imikoranire no gutakaza imbuga ebyiri za adsorption.Byongeye kandi, amwe mumatsinda amide apfunyitse muburyo bwa coil Imbere yacyo ntishobora guhura no kwamamaza ibice byanduye mumazi, kubwibyo ubushobozi bwa adsorption ntibushobora gukoreshwa neza.
Kugirango utandukanye amatsinda ahujwe kandi yerekane amatsinda yihishe amide hanze, abantu bagerageza kwagura igiceri cyateganijwe uko bikwiye, ndetse bakagerageza kongeramo amatsinda amwe afite cations cyangwa anion kumurongo muremure wa molekile, mugihe utezimbere adsorption na ubushobozi bwikiraro ningaruka zo kutabogama kwamashanyarazi no kwikuramo amashanyarazi abiri.Muri ubu buryo, urukurikirane rwa polyacrylamide flocculants cyangwa coagulants ifite imitungo itandukanye ikomoka kuri PAM.
Mugutunganya coagulation yamazi yanduye, rimwe na rimwe flocculant imwe ntishobora kugera ku ngaruka nziza ya coagulation, kandi akenshi birakenewe ko hongerwaho ibikoresho byunganira kugirango tunonosore ingaruka.Iyi mfashanyo yitwa infashanyo ya coagulation.Coagulants ikoreshwa cyane ni chlorine, lime, acide silicike ikora, glue yamagufa na sodium alginate, karubone ikora nibumba bitandukanye.
Coagulants zimwe na zimwe ubwazo ntizigira uruhare mukuzunguruka, ariko muguhindura no kunoza imiterere ya coagulation, zigira uruhare rwo gufasha flocculants kubyara ingaruka ziterwa na coagulation.Coagulants zimwe zigira uruhare mukurema ibimera, kunoza imiterere yibibabi, kandi birashobora gukora ibimera byiza kandi bidakabije byakozwe na flocculants zidafite umubiri mubi bikabije kandi byoroshye.
4. Ikonjesha
Kondereti, izwi kandi nka dehidratifike, irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: imiterere-karemano na konderasi.Ubuhumekero budasanzwe burakenewe muburyo bwo kuyungurura vacuum hamwe nisahani hamwe no gushungura ikariso ya silige, mugihe kondereside kama ikwiranye no kuvomerera centrifugal hamwe nu mukandara wo kuyungurura amazi.
5.umubano hagatiflocculants, coagulants, hamwe na kondereti
Umukozi wo kubura umwuma niwo muti wongeyeho mbere yuko umwanda udafite umwuma, ni ukuvuga umukozi wa kondereti ya shitingi, bityo ibisobanuro byumukozi wa dehydrated hamwe na agent ya conditioning ni bimwe.Igipimo cyibikoresho byamazi cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana mubisanzwe bibarwa nkijanisha ryuburemere bwibintu byumye byumye.
Flocculants ikoreshwa mugukuraho ibintu byahagaritswe mumyanda kandi nibintu byingenzi mubijyanye no gutunganya amazi.Igipimo cya flocculant kigaragazwa nubunini bwongewe mubunini bwamazi agomba gutunganywa.
Igipimo cya dehydrated agent (agent conditioning), flocculant, hamwe nubufasha bwa coagulation bishobora kwitwa dosage.Umukozi umwe arashobora gukoreshwa nka flocculant mugutunganya imyanda, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nka kondereti cyangwa amazi yo kuvura amazi mabi.
Coagulants yitwa coagulants iyo ikoreshejwe nka flocculants murwego rwo gutunganya amazi.Coagulants imwe mubisanzwe ntabwo yitwa coagulants mugutunganya imyanda irenze, ariko hamwe hamwe bita kondereti cyangwa imiti igabanya amazi.
Iyo ukoresheje aflocculant, kubera ko umubare wibintu byahagaritswe mumazi ari bike, kugirango ugere kumikoranire yuzuye hagati ya flocculant nuduce twahagaritswe, kuvanga no kubyitwaramo bigomba kuba bifite umwanya uhagije.Kurugero, kuvanga bifata amasegonda mirongo kugeza kuminota mike, Igisubizo gisaba iminota 15 kugeza 30.Iyo isuka yamazi, mubisanzwe bifata amasegonda make gusa uhereye igihe kondereti yongewe kumashanyarazi yinjira mumashini yamazi, ni ukuvuga gusa inzira yo kuvanga ihwanye na flocculant, kandi ntamwanya wo kubyitwaramo, kandi uburambe bufite yerekanye kandi ko ingaruka zifatika ziziyongera hamwe no kuguma.yagabanutse igihe.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Jul-09-2022