1. Imiti igabanya ubushyuhe, imiti igabanya ubushyuhe n'imiti igabanya ubushyuhe ni iki?
Ibi bintu bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bikurikira hakurikijwe uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyungurura icyuma gikoresha sludge press:
Flocculant: rimwe na rimwe yitwa coagulant, ishobora gukoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo gukomeza gutandukanya ibintu bikomeye n'amazi, ikoreshwa mu kigega cy'ibanze cy'amazi, ikigega cy'ibanze cy'amazi, ikigega cy'amazi n'uburyo bwo kuvura bwa gatatu cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura buhanitse.
Ubufasha mu gufungana: Uduce tw’inyongera tugira uruhare mu kongera ingaruka zo gufungana.
Igikoresho cyo kongerera amazi: Kizwi kandi nk'igikoresho cyo gukura amazi mu mazi, gikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibisigazwa by'amazi mbere yo kuyakuramo, kandi ubwoko bwacyo burimo bimwe mu bikoresho byo kongerera amazi n'ibyo gufunga byavuzwe haruguru.
2. Flocculant
Flocculants ni ubwoko bw'ibintu bishobora kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho ubudahangarwa bw'imvura n'ubudahangarwa bwa polymerization y'uduce dutatanye mu mazi, kandi bigatuma uduce dutatanye twivangavangamo uduce duto two gukurura.
Dukurikije imiterere y'ibinyabutabire, imiti igabanya ubushyuhe ishobora kugabanywamo imiti idafite ubuziranenge n'imiti igabanya ubushyuhe.
Ibinyabutabire bitagira umwimerere
Umunyu gakondo w’ibimera udafite imiterere y’ibinyabuzima ni umunyu wa aluminiyumu muke n’umunyu w’icyuma. Umunyu wa aluminiyumu ugizwe ahanini na sulfate ya aluminiyumu (AL2 (SO4)3∙18H2O), alum (AL2 (SO4)3∙K2SO4∙24H2O), sodium aluminate (NaALO3), umunyu w’icyuma ugizwe ahanini na chloride ya feri (FeCL3∙6H20), sulfate ya feri (FeSO4∙6H20) na sulfate ya feri (Fe2 (SO4)3∙2H20).
Muri rusange, imiti ikoreshwa mu gutunganya amazi mu buryo bw’umwimerere ifite imiterere yo kuboneka byoroshye, kuyitegura byoroshye, ihendutse, kandi ikaba ifite ingaruka nziza mu kuyitunganya, bityo ikaba ikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya amazi.
Ifurukiramu ya polima idakora
Polima zishingiye kuri hydroxyl na ogisijeni za Al (III) na Fe (III) zizahuzwa mu bice by’ingenzi, bizabikwa mu gisubizo cy’amazi mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, kandi ingano yabyo izaba iri mu rugero rwa nanometero. Ibivamo ni urugero ruri hejuru.
Ugereranije igipimo cyabyo cyo gukorana n'ubuhanga mu gukorana na polimeri, uburyo polimeri ya aluminiyumu ikoramo ni bworoshye kandi imiterere yayo irahamye, mu gihe polimeri y'icyuma ya hydrolyzed ikorana vuba kandi byoroshye itakaza ubuziranenge no kugwa.
Ibyiza by'imiti ikoreshwa mu gukaraba polymer idafite umwimerere bigaragarira mu kuba ikora neza kurusha imiti ikoreshwa mu gukaraba polymer isanzwe nka aluminiyumu sulfate na ferric chloride, kandi ihendutse kurusha imiti ikoreshwa mu gukaraba polymer idafite umwimerere. Ubu Polyaluminum chloride yakoreshejwe neza mu buryo butandukanye bwo gutunganya amazi, amazi yanduye yo mu nganda n'amazi mabi yo mu mijyi, harimo no kuyatunganya mbere y'uko avurwa, kuyatunganya hagati no kuyatunganya mu buryo bugezweho, kandi buhoro buhoro yabaye igikoresho gikuru cyo gukaraba polymer. Ariko, mu bijyanye n'imiterere, urwego rwa polymerization n'ingaruka zijyanye no gukaraba polymer, imiti ikoreshwa mu gukaraba polymer idafite umwimerere iracyari mu mwanya hagati y'imiti ikoreshwa mu gukaraba ibyuma isanzwe n'imiti ikoreshwa mu gukaraba polymer idafite umwimerere.
Polyaluminum chloride, pac,msds policloruro de aluminio,cas no 1327 41 9,policloruro de aluminio,pac chemical yo gutunganya amazi,poly aluminium chloride, yitwa PAC, ifite formula ya chemical ALn(OH)mCL3n-m. PAC ni electrolyte ifite electrolyte nyinshi ishobora kugabanya cyane charge ya colloidal y'imyanda imeze nk'ibumba (multiple negative charges) mu mazi. Bitewe n'ubunini bwa molekile hamwe n'ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kuyinjizamo, flocs zakozwe ni nini, kandi imikorere yo gukurura no gukurura amazi ni myiza kurusha izindi flocculants.
Poly aluminium chloride ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwa polymerization, kandi kuvanga vuba nyuma yo kongeramo bishobora kugabanya cyane igihe cyo gukora floc. Poly aluminium chloride PAC ntigira ingaruka nyinshi ku bushyuhe bw'amazi, kandi ikora neza iyo ubushyuhe bw'amazi buri hasi. Igabanya agaciro ka pH y'amazi gake, kandi pH ikwiye ni nini (ishobora gukoreshwa mu rugero rwa pH = 5 ~ 9), bityo si ngombwa kongeramo alkaline agent. Igipimo cya PAC ni gito, ingano y'ibyondo bikorerwamo nayo ni nto, kandi ikoreshwa, imicungire n'imikorere biroroshye, kandi ntishobora kwangiza ibikoresho n'imiyoboro. Kubwibyo, PAC ifite akamenyero ko gusimbuza sulfate ya aluminiyumu buhoro buhoro mu rwego rwo gutunganya amazi, kandi ikibi cyayo ni uko igiciro kiri hejuru ugereranyije n'icy'ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu gutunganya amazi.
Byongeye kandi, ukurikije imiterere y'ibisubizo,PAC poly aluminum chlorideni umusaruro w’ikinyabutabire w’uburyo bwo gukora isesengura ry’amazi mu munyu wa aluminiyumu, udahindagurika mu buryo busanzwe. Muri rusange, ibicuruzwa bya PAC by’amazi bigomba gukoreshwa mu gihe gito (ibicuruzwa bikomeye bifite imikorere ihamye). , bishobora kubikwa igihe kirekire). Kongeramo imyunyu ngugu (nka CaCl2, MnCl2, nibindi) cyangwa macromolecules (nka polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, nibindi) bishobora kunoza uburyo PAC ihagaze, kandi bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo guhuza.
Mu bijyanye n'uburyo bwo gukora, anion imwe cyangwa nyinshi zitandukanye (nka SO42-, PO43-, nibindi) zishyirwa mu buryo bwo gukora PAC, kandi imiterere ya polymer n'uburyo ikwirakwizwamo bishobora guhinduka ku rugero runaka binyuze mu gukora polymer, bityo bikanoza uburyo PAC ihagaze neza; iyo ibindi bice bya cationic, nka Fe3+, byinjijwe mu buryo bwo gukora PAC kugira ngo Al3+ na Fe3+ bihindurwe hydrolytically polymerized, icyuma cya polyaluminum cyuzuyemo flocculant gishobora kuboneka.
Flocculant ya polymer y'umwimerere
Uduce duto twa polymer organic flocculants twiganjemo polypropylene na polyethylene, nka polyacrylamide na polyethyleneimine. Uduce duto twa polymer organic flocculants twose ni macromolecules zishongesha mu mazi, buri macromolecules igizwe n'ibice byinshi bisubiramo birimo amatsinda afite umuriro, bityo nabyo byitwa polyelectrolytes. Uduce dufite umuriro mwiza ni polyelectrolytes za cationic, naho utwo dufite umuriro mubi ni polyelectrolytes za anionic, zitarimo amatsinda afite umuriro mwiza cyangwa mubi, kandi zitwa nonionic polyelectrolytes.
Muri iki gihe, imiti ikoreshwa cyane ya polymer flocculants ni anionic, kandi ishobora kugira uruhare runini mu gufasha gufungana kw'imyanda ya colloidal ifite amashanyarazi mabi mu mazi. Akenshi ntishobora gukoreshwa yonyine, ahubwo ikoreshwa hamwe n'umunyu wa aluminiyumu n'umunyu wa feri. Imiti ikoreshwa muri cationic flocculants ishobora kugira uruhare mu gufungana no gufungana icyarimwe kandi ikoreshwa yonyine, bityo ikaba yarakuze vuba.
Muri iki gihe, polimeri za polyacrylamide zitari ioni zikoreshwa cyane mu gihugu cyanjye, zikunze gukoreshwa hamwe n'umunyu wa feri na aluminiyumu. Ingaruka z'amashanyarazi zo kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'icyuma na aluminiyumu ku duce twa colloidal hamwe n'imikorere myiza ya polimeri flocculants bikoreshwa kugira ngo haboneke ingaruka nziza zo kuvura. Polyacrylamide ifite imiterere yo kuba nke, umuvuduko wo gufungana vuba, hamwe n'udusimba tunini kandi dukomeye dukoreshwa. 80% by'udusimba twa polimeri organic flocculants dukorerwa mu gihugu cyanjye ni iki gicuruzwa.
Polyacrylamide PAM, ikoreshwa rya polyelectrolyte, ifu ya cationic ya polyelectrolyte, cationic polyelectrolyte, cationic polymer, cationic polyacrylamide niyo flocculant ya polymer organic ikoreshwa cyane, polyelectrolyte, kandi rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa nk'umuyoboro w'amazi. Ibikoresho fatizo bya polyacrylamide ni polyacrylonitrile CH2 = CHCN. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, acrylonitrile irashwanyagurika kugira ngo ikore acrylamide, hanyuma acrylamide igashyirwa muri polymerization kugira ngo ibone polyacrylamide. Polyacrylamide ni resin ishongesha amazi, kandi ibicuruzwa ni granular solid and viscous aqueous solution hamwe n'ingano runaka.
Ubwoko nyabwo bwa polyacrylamide mu mazi ni coil isanzwe. Kubera ko coil isanzwe ifite ingano runaka y'uduce hamwe n'amatsinda amwe ya amide ku buso bwayo, ishobora kugira ubushobozi bwo guhuza no gushyiramo amazi, ni ukuvuga ko ifite ingano runaka y'uduce.
Ariko, kubera ko urunigi rurerure rwa polyacrylamide ruzungurutse mu mazi, aho ruhurira ni hato. Nyuma y’uko amatsinda abiri ya amide ahujwe, bingana no guhagarika imikoranire no gutakaza ahantu habiri ho kuvoma. Byongeye kandi, amwe mu matsinda ya amide apfunyitse mu miterere ya coil. Imbere muri yo ntihashobora gukorana no kwinjiza uduce tw’imyanda mu mazi, bityo ubushobozi bwayo bwo kuvoma ntibushobora gukoreshwa neza.
Kugira ngo bongere batandukanye amatsinda y’amide ahujwe kandi bashyire hanze amatsinda y’amide yihishe, abantu bagerageza kwagura coil idasanzwe neza, ndetse bagerageza kongeramo amatsinda amwe afite cations cyangwa anions ku muyoboro muremure wa molekile, mu gihe bongera ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza no guhuza hamwe n’ingaruka zo kugabanya no gukanda amashanyarazi ku gice cy’amashanyarazi cya kabiri. Muri ubu buryo, urukurikirane rwa polyacrylamide flocculants cyangwa coagulants zifite imiterere itandukanye zikomoka kuri PAM.
3.Agakoresho gakingira amaraso
Mu kuvura amazi yanduye avanze, rimwe na rimwe umuti umwe wo mu bwoko bwa flocculant ntushobora kugira ingaruka nziza zo gufungana, kandi akenshi biba ngombwa kongeramo imiti y’inyongera kugira ngo wongere ingaruka zo gufungana. Uyu muti w’inyongera witwa ubufasha bwo gufungana. Imiti ikoreshwa cyane ni chlorine, lime, aside silicike idakora, kole y’amagufwa na alginate ya sodiyumu, karubone idakora n’ibumba zitandukanye.
Amwe mu matsinda y’amaraso ubwayo nta ruhare agira mu gufungana, ariko mu guhindura no kunoza imiterere y’amatsinda y’amaraso, agira uruhare mu gufasha amatsinda y’amaraso gutanga ingaruka zo gufungana. Amwe mu matsinda y’amaraso agira uruhare mu ikorwa ry’amatsinda y’amaraso, anonosora imiterere y’amatsinda y’amaraso, kandi ashobora gutuma amatsinda y’amaraso yoroheje n’arekuye akorwa n’amatsinda y’amaraso adafite umwimerere aba matsinda akomeye kandi akomeye.
4. Igikoresho cyo koroshya
Ibikoresho bitanga ubushyuhe, bizwi kandi nk'ibintu bitanga ubushyuhe, bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: ibikoresho bitanga ubushyuhe n'ibikoresha ubushyuhe bw'umwimerere. Ibikoresho bitanga ubushyuhe by'umwimerere muri rusange bibereye mu kuyungurura umwuka no kuyungurura icyuma gifunganye, mu gihe ibikoresho bitanga ubushyuhe by'umwimerere bibereye mu kuyungurura amazi mu buryo bwa centrifugal no mu kuyungurura amazi mu mukandara.
5. isano iri hagatiimiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso, n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso
Ikintu gikuraho amazi ni ikintu cyongerwaho mbere yuko amazi ashira, ni ukuvuga ikintu gikuraho amazi mu mazi, bityo ibisobanuro by'ikintu gikuraho amazi n'ikintu gikuraho amazi ni bimwe. Igipimo cy'ikintu gikuraho amazi cyangwa ikintu gikuraho amazi muri rusange kibarwa nk'ijanisha ry'uburemere bw'ibintu byumye by'amazi mu mazi.
Imiti ikoreshwa mu gukuraho ibintu bikomeye biri mu myanda kandi ni ingenzi mu bijyanye no gutunganya amazi. Igipimo cya flocculant muri rusange kigaragazwa n'ingano yiyongereyeho mu gipimo cy'amazi agomba gusukurwa.
Igipimo cy'ikintu gikuraho amazi (ikinyabutabire), ikinyabutabire gifunga amazi, n'ikinyabutabire gifasha mu gufunga amazi gishobora kwitwa igipimo. Ikintu kimwe gishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikinyabutabire gifunga amazi mu gutunganya imyanda, kandi gishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikinyabutabire cyangwa ikinyabutabire gifunga amazi mu kuvura imyanda irenze urugero.
Ingufu zivanze n'amazi zitwa imvange iyo zikoreshwa nk'imvange mu gutunganya amazi. Imvange zimwe muri rusange ntizitwa imvange mu kuvura umwanda urenze urugero, ahubwo zitwa imvange cyangwa imvange zikuraho amazi.
Iyo ukoreshejeumuti wo mu mazi, kubera ko ingano y'ibintu bikomeye bimanitse mu mazi ari bike, kugira ngo habeho gukorana neza hagati y'ibice bito n'ibice bito bimanitse, ibikoresho byo kuvanga no gukora response bigomba gushyirwaho igihe gihagije. Urugero, kuvanga bifata amasegonda icumi kugeza ku minota myinshi, Response isaba iminota 15 kugeza kuri 30. Iyo ibitonyanga bivanzwe, akenshi bifata amasegonda make gusa kuva igihe conditioner yongewe ku gitemba cyinjira mu mashini ikuraho amazi, ni ukuvuga gusa inzira yo kuvanga ingana n'iy'ibitonyanga, kandi nta gihe cyo gukora response kibaho, kandi ubunararibonye bwagaragaje ko ingaruka zo gukora response ziyongera uko igihe kigenda.
Ibikoresho bikozwe neza, itsinda ry’abagurisha babishoboye, n’abatanga serivisi nziza nyuma yo kugurisha; Turi kandi umuryango munini w’abashakanye n’abana, abantu bose bakomeza "ubumwe, ubwitange, kwihanganirana" ku ruganda rw’umwimerere 100% rw’Ubushinwa Apam Anionic Polyacrylamide PAM yo muri Peteroli y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli,Yixing Cleanwater Chemicals Co., Ltd. ifite ubunararibonye mu nganda zifite abakozi barenga 100. Bityo dushobora kwemeza ko igihe cyo gukora kidahagije kandi ko ireme ry’ubuziranenge rizakomeza.
Gura byinshi kandi uzigame 100% by'uruganda rw'umwimerere rw'Ubushinwa Anionic Polyacrylamide, chitosan, polymer yo gucukura, pac, pam, agent yo gukuraho ibara, dicyandiamide, polyamines, defoamer, agent ya bagiteri, Cleanwat izakomeza gukurikiza ihame ry'"ubwiza bw'ikirenga, ryemewe, umukoresha mbere ya byose" byimazeyo. Twakiranye ibyishimo inshuti zo mu ngeri zose kugira ngo zidusure kandi zitange ubuyobozi, zikore hamwe kandi zishyireho ahazaza heza!
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-09-2022