Gutunganya amazi ya Chitosan

Muri sisitemu isanzwe yo gutunganya amazi, flocculants ikoreshwa cyane ni umunyu wa aluminium nu munyu wicyuma, umunyu wa aluminiyumu usigaye mumazi yatunganijwe uzabangamira ubuzima bwabantu, kandi umunyu wa fer usigaye uzagira ingaruka kumabara yamazi, nibindi.; muri byinshi Mugutunganya amazi mabi, biragoye gutsinda ibibazo byumwanda wa kabiri nkubwinshi bwumwanda hamwe no guta umwanda. Kubwibyo rero, gushaka ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bidatera umwanda wa kabiri kubidukikije kugirango bisimbuze umunyu wa aluminium hamwe n’umunyu w’icyuma ni ngombwa gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zirambye z’iterambere muri iki gihe. Ibimera bya polymer bisanzwe byakuruye abantu benshi muri flokculants bitewe nisoko ryinshi ryibikoresho fatizo, igiciro gito, guhitamo neza, dosiye nto, umutekano nuburozi, hamwe na biodegradation yuzuye. Nyuma yimyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo yiterambere, hagaragaye umubare munini wibinyabuzima bya polymer bisanzwe bifite imiterere nuburyo bukoreshwa, muri byo harimo krahisi, lignine, chitosani hamwe nimboga zikomoka ku bimera.

ChitosanIbyiza

Chitosan ni amorphous yera, yoroheje ya flaky ikomeye, idashobora gushonga mumazi ariko igashonga muri aside, nigicuruzwa cya deacetylation ya chitine. Muri rusange, chitosan irashobora kwitwa chitosan mugihe itsinda rya N-acetyl muri chitin ryakuweho hejuru ya 55%. Chitin nigice cyingenzi kigizwe na exoskeletons yinyamaswa nudukoko, kandi nikintu cya kabiri kinini mu binyabuzima kama ku isi nyuma ya selile. Nka flocculant, chitosan nibisanzwe, ntabwo ari uburozi kandi byangirika. Hariho amatsinda menshi ya hydroxyl, amatsinda ya amino hamwe na N-acetylamino amatsinda amwe akwirakwizwa kumurongo wa macromolecular ya chitosan, ishobora gukora cationic polyelectrolytes ifite ubukana bwinshi mubisubizo bya acide, kandi irashobora no gushiraho imiterere imeze nkurusobe hakoreshejwe hydrogène cyangwa ionic inkwano. Molekile ya cage, bityo igoye kandi ikuraho ibyuma byinshi byangiza kandi byangiza. Chitosan n'ibiyikomokaho bifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha, atari mu myenda, gucapa no gusiga amarangi, gukora impapuro, ubuvuzi, ibiryo, inganda z’imiti, ibinyabuzima n’ubuhinzi n’izindi nzego nyinshi bifite agaciro gakomeye, ariko no mu kuvura amazi, birashobora gukoreshwa nka adsorbent, flocculation agents, fungicide, guhana ion, gutegura membrane, nibindi. Chitosan yemejwe n’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije nk’umukozi woza amazi yo kunywa kubera inyungu zidasanzwe mu gukoresha amazi no gutunganya amazi.

Gushyira mu bikorwaChitosanmu Gutunganya Amazi

(1) Kuraho ibintu byahagaritswe mumubiri wamazi. Mu mazi karemano, ihinduka sisitemu ya colloid itemewe bitewe no kubaho kwa bagiteri yibumba, nibindi. Nka polymer ndende ya cationic polymer, chitosan irashobora gukina imirimo ibiri yo kutabogama amashanyarazi hamwe na coagulation hamwe na adsorption hamwe nikiraro, kandi ifite coagulation ikomeye. Ingaruka ku bintu byahagaritswe. Ugereranije na alum gakondo na polyacrylamide nka flocculants, chitosan ifite ingaruka nziza zo gusobanura. RAVID n'abandi. yize ku ngaruka zo kuvura flocculation yo gukwirakwiza amazi ya kaolin imwe mugihe chitosan pH agaciro yari 5-9, ugasanga flocculation yagize ingaruka cyane kubiciro bya pH, kandi agaciro ka pH keza ko kuvanaho imyanda ni 7.0-7.5. 1mg / L flocculant, igipimo cyo kuvanaho umuvuduko urenga 90%, kandi flocs yakozwe ni ntoya kandi yihuta, kandi igihe cyo kwimuka kwa flocculation ntikirenza 1h; ariko iyo pH igabanutse cyangwa yiyongereye, imikorere ya flocculation iragabanuka, byerekana ko Gusa Mubice bigufi bya pH, chitosan irashobora gukora polymerisation nziza hamwe na kaolin. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekanye ko mugihe ihagarikwa rya bentonite ivuwe hamwe na chitosan, igipimo cyiza cya pH ni kinini. Kubwibyo, iyo amazi ya turbid arimo ibice bisa na kaolin, birakenewe ko wongeramo urugero rukwiye rwa bentonite nka coagulant kugirango utezimbere polymerisation yachitosanku bice. Nyuma, RAVID n'abandi. yasanze

Niba hari humus muri kaolin cyangwa titanium dioxide ihagarikwa, biroroshye guhindagurika no kuyigusha hamwe na chitosan, kubera ko humus yashizwemo nabi ifatanye hejuru yibice, kandi humus ikoroha guhindura agaciro ka pH. Chitosan iracyerekana imiterere ya flokculasiyo hejuru yimibiri yamazi karemano hamwe nubushuhe butandukanye.

(2) Kuraho algae na bagiteri mumubiri wamazi. Mu myaka yashize, abantu bamwe mumahanga batangiye kwiga adsorption na flocculation ya chitosan kuri sisitemu yibinyabuzima nka algae na bagiteri. Chitosan igira ingaruka zo kuvanaho amazi meza, aribyo Spirulina, Osgalator algae, Chlorella na algae yubururu-icyatsi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kuri algae y'amazi meza, kuyikuramo ari byiza kuri pH ya 7; kuri algae yo mu nyanja, pH iri hasi. Igipimo gikwiye cya chitosan giterwa nubunini bwa algae mumubiri wamazi. Iyo hejuru ya algae, niko hagomba kongerwaho urugero rwa chitosan, kandi kwiyongera kwa dosiye ya chitosan bikunda gutera flokculation nubushyuhe. byihuse. Guhindagurika birashobora gupima ikurwaho rya algae. Iyo agaciro ka pH ari 7, 5mg / L.chitosanIrashobora gukuraho 90% yumuvurungano mumazi, kandi hejuru ya algae yibanze, coarser ibice bya floc nibikorwa byiza byimitsi.

Isuzuma rya microscopique ryerekanye ko algae yakuweho na flocculation hamwe nubutayu yegeranijwe gusa kandi ifatanyirizwa hamwe, kandi yari ikiri muburyo bwiza kandi bukora. Kubera ko chitosani idatera ingaruka mbi ku moko yo mu mazi, amazi yatunganijwe arashobora gukoreshwa mu bworozi bw’amazi meza, bitandukanye n’ibindi binyabuzima byo mu mazi. Uburyo bwo gukuraho chitosani kuri bagiteri biragoye. Mu kwiga flocculation ya Escherichia coli hamwe na chitosan, usanga uburyo bwo guhuza ibiraro butaringaniye aribwo buryo nyamukuru bwa sisitemu ya flocculation, kandi chitosan itanga imigozi ya hydrogène kumyanda. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko imikorere ya chitosan flocculation ya E. coli idashingiye gusa ku kwishyurwa kwa dielectric ahubwo no ku bipimo bya hydraulic.

(3) Kuraho aluminiyumu isigaye kandi usukure amazi yo kunywa. Umunyu wa Aluminium na polyaluminium flocculants bikoreshwa cyane mugikorwa cyo gutunganya amazi ya robine, ariko gukoresha ibinyomoro byumunyu wa aluminiyumu bishobora gutuma aluminiyumu yiyongera mumazi yo kunywa. Aluminium isigaye mu mazi yo kunywa ni ikintu gikomeye ku buzima bw'abantu. Nubwo chitosan nayo ifite ikibazo cyibisigisigi byamazi, kubera ko ari amineopolysaccharide ya alkaline isanzwe idafite uburozi, ibisigara ntibizangiza umubiri wumuntu, kandi birashobora gukurwaho muburyo bukurikira bwo kuvura. Byongeye kandi, hamwe hamwe gukoresha chitosan hamwe na floculants ya organic organique nka chloride polyaluminium irashobora kugabanya ibiri muri aluminiyumu isigaye. Kubwibyo, mugutunganya amazi yo kunywa, chitosan ifite ibyiza izindi synthique organique polymer flocculants idashobora gusimbuza.

Gukoresha Chitosan mugutunganya amazi mabi

(1) Kuraho ioni. Urunigi rwa molekile yachitosann'ibiyikomokaho birimo umubare munini w'amatsinda ya amino hamwe na hydroxyl, bityo bigira ingaruka nziza kuri ion nyinshi zicyuma, kandi irashobora kwamamaza neza cyangwa gufata ioni ziremereye mugisubizo. Catherine A. Eiden hamwe nubundi bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ubushobozi bwa adsorption ya chitosan kuri Pb2 + na Cr3 + (mubice bya chitosani) igera kuri 0.2 mmol / g na 0,25 mmol / g, kandi ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwinjiza. Zhang Ting'an n'abandi. yakoresheje deacetylated chitosan kugirango akureho umuringa na flocculation. Ibisubizo byerekanye ko mugihe agaciro ka pH kari 8.0 hamwe nubunini bwinshi bwa ion zumuringa murugero rwamazi byari munsi ya 100 mg / L, igipimo cyo gukuraho umuringa cyari hejuru ya 99%; Ubwinshi bwa misa ni 400mg / L, kandi ubwinshi bwa ion z'umuringa mumazi asigaye buracyujuje ubuziranenge bwamazi yigihugu. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko mugihe pH = 5.0 nigihe cya adsorption cyari 2h, igipimo cyo kuvana chitosan kuri Ni2 + muri adsorption chimique nikel isahani yimyanda ishobora kugera kuri 72.25%.

(2) Koresha amazi mabi arimo proteine ​​nyinshi nkamazi yanduye. Mugihe cyo gutunganya ibiryo, amazi yanduye arimo ibintu byinshi byahagaritswe arasohoka. Molekile ya chitosani irimo itsinda rya amide, itsinda rya amino nitsinda rya hydroxyl. Hamwe na protonation yitsinda rya amino, ryerekana uruhare rwa cationic polyelectrolyte, idafite ingaruka zo gukonjesha ibyuma biremereye gusa, ahubwo irashobora no guhindagurika neza kandi ikanatanga adsorb ibice bito byuzuye mumazi. Chitin na chitosan birashobora gukora inganda zihuza hydrogène ihuza poroteyine, aside amine, aside irike, n'ibindi. Fang Zhimin n'abandi. Byakoreshejwechitosan, aluminium sulfate, sulfate ferric na polypropilene phthalamide nka flocculants kugirango igarure poroteyine mumazi atunganya amazi yo mu nyanja. Igipimo kinini cyo kugarura poroteyine hamwe no kohereza urumuri rushobora kuboneka. Kubera ko chitosani ubwayo idafite uburozi kandi ikaba idafite umwanda wa kabiri, irashobora gukoreshwa mugutunganya ibintu byingirakamaro nka proteyine na krahisi mumazi y’amazi ava mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa kugirango bitunganyirizwe kandi bikoreshwe, nko kongera ibiryo nkibiryo byamatungo.

(3) Gutunganya amazi yo gucapa no gusiga irangi. Gucapa no gusiga irangi amazi yanduye bivuga amazi mabi asohoka mumpamba, ubwoya, fibre chimique nibindi bicuruzwa byimyenda mugihe cyo kwitegura, gusiga irangi, gucapa no kurangiza. Ubusanzwe irimo umunyu, ibinyabuzima byangiza amarangi, nibindi, hamwe nibice bigoye, chroma nini na COD ndende. , kandi utezimbere mu cyerekezo cyo kurwanya okiside no kurwanya ibinyabuzima, byangiza cyane ubuzima bwabantu n’ibidukikije. Chitosan irimo amatsinda ya amino hamwe na hydroxyl, kandi ifite ingaruka zikomeye za adsorption kumarangi, harimo: adsorption physique, adsorption chimique na ion yoguhindura adsorption, cyane cyane binyuze muri hydrogène ihuza, gukurura amashanyarazi, guhana ion, imbaraga za van der Waals, imikoranire ya hydrophobique, nibindi. Ingaruka. Muri icyo gihe, imiterere ya molekulire ya chitosani irimo umubare munini wamatsinda yambere ya amino, agize umukozi mwiza wa polymer chelating ukoresheje imiyoboro ihuza ibikorwa, ishobora guhuza amarangi mumazi y’amazi, kandi ntabwo ari uburozi kandi ntibitera umwanda wa kabiri.

(4) Gusaba mu kuvoma amazi. Kugeza ubu, igice kinini cy’ibihingwa bitunganya imyanda yo mu mijyi bifashisha cationic polyacrylamide mu kuvura imyanda. Imyitozo yerekanye ko iyi agent ifite ingaruka nziza ya flocculation kandi byoroshye kuvoma amazi, ariko ibisigara byayo, cyane cyane monomer acrylamide, ni kanseri ikomeye. Kubwibyo, nigikorwa cyiza cyane cyo gushaka umusimbura. Chitosan ni kondereseri nziza, ifasha gukora mikorobe ikora ya mikorobe ikora, ishobora guhuriza hamwe ibintu byahagaritswe nabi hamwe nibintu kama mubisubizo, kandi bikazamura uburyo bwo kuvura uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko chloride ya polyaluminium / chitosan igizwe na flocculant idafite ingaruka zigaragara gusa mugutondekanya imyanda, ariko kandi ugereranije no gukoresha PAC imwe cyangwa chitosani imwe, imyanda yihariye irwanya mbere igera kumwanya muto, kandi igipimo cyo kuyungurura kiri hejuru. Irihuta kandi ni kondereti nziza; hiyongereyeho, ubwoko butatu bwa carboxymethyl chitosan (N-carboxymethyl chitosan, N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan na O-carboxymethyl chitosan) bikoreshwa nkuko flocculant yageragejwe kumikorere yamazi yumwanda, kandi byagaragaye ko floc zakozwe zakozwe ikomeye kandi ntibyoroshye kumeneka, byerekana ko ingaruka za flocculant kumazi yo kumena amazi yari nziza cyane kurenza iy'ibisanzwe bisanzwe.

Chitosann'ibiyikomokaho bikungahaye ku mutungo, karemano, udafite uburozi, wangirika, kandi ufite ibintu bitandukanye icyarimwe. Nibikoresho byo gutunganya amazi yicyatsi. Ibikoresho byayo bibisi, chitine, nubwa kabiri mubinyabuzima bisanzwe ku isi. Kubwibyo, mumyaka yashize, iterambere rya chitosani mugutunganya amazi rifite umuvuduko ugaragara. Nka polymer karemano ihindura imyanda mubutunzi, chitosan yabanje gukoreshwa mubice byinshi, ariko imikorere nogukoresha ibicuruzwa byo murugo biracyafite icyuho runaka ugereranije nibindi bihugu byateye imbere. Hamwe nogukomeza ubushakashatsi kuri chitosan nibibukomokaho, cyane cyane chitosani yahinduwe ifite imiterere myiza ya synthesis, ifite byinshi kandi byinshi byo gukoresha. Gucukumbura tekinoroji yo gukoresha chitosani mugutunganya amazi no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije bikomoka kuri chitosani hamwe nibisabwa byagutse bizagira agaciro kanini kumasoko hamwe nibisabwa.

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