Reka tubanze dusobanure igerageza ry'umuvuduko wa osmotike: koresha membrane idashobora kwinjira mu kirere kugira ngo utandukanye ibisubizo bibiri by'umunyu bifite ubunini butandukanye. Molekile z'amazi zo mu gisubizo cy'umunyu gito zizanyura mu gisubizo cy'umunyu gito, naho molekile z'amazi zo mu gisubizo cy'umunyu kinini nazo zizanyura mu gisubizo cy'umunyu gito, ariko umubare ni muto, bityo urwego rw'amazi ku ruhande rw'umuvuduko w'umunyu mwinshi ruzazamuka. Iyo itandukaniro ry'uburebure bw'urugero rw'amazi ku mpande zombi ritanga umuvuduko uhagije wo kubuza amazi kongera gutemba, osmosis izahagarara. Muri iki gihe, umuvuduko uterwa n'itandukaniro ry'uburebure bw'urugero rw'amazi ku mpande zombi ni umuvuduko wa osmotike. Muri rusange, uko urwego rw'umunyu rwiyongera, ni ko umuvuduko wa osmotike uba munini.
Imiterere y’udukoko mu bisubizo by’amazi y’umunyu isa n’igerageza ry’umuvuduko wa osmotike. Imiterere y’uturemangingo ni uturemangingo, kandi urukuta rw’uturemangingo rungana n’urukuta rushobora kwinjiramo. Iyo igipimo cya chloride ion kiri munsi cyangwa kingana na 2000mg/L, igipimo cya osmotike urukuta rw’uturemangingo rushobora kwihanganira ni ikirere cya 0.5-1.0. Nubwo urukuta rw’uturemangingo n’urukuta rwa cytoplasmic membrane bifite ubukana n’ubukonje runaka, igipimo cya osmotike urukuta rw’uturemangingo rushobora kwihanganira ntabwo kizarenga ikirere cya 5-6. Ariko, iyo igipimo cya chloride ion mu gisubizo cy’amazi kiri hejuru ya 5000mg/L, igipimo cya osmotike kiziyongera kikagera ku kirere cya 10-30. Mu gihe cy’umuvuduko mwinshi wa osmotike, ingano nini y’amazi muri utu turemangingo izinjira mu gisubizo cyo hanze y’umubiri, bigatera ububobere bw’uturemangingo no kuvura plasmolysis, kandi mu bihe bikomeye, uturemangingo tuzapfa. Mu buzima bwa buri munsi, abantu bakoresha umunyu (sodium chloride) mu gusya imboga n'amafi, gusya no kubika ibiryo, ari na byo bishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'iri hame.
Amakuru y’uburambe mu by’ubuhanga agaragaza ko iyo ingano ya chloride ion mu mazi yanduye irenze 2000mg/L, imikorere ya mikorobe izahagarikwa kandi igipimo cyo gukuramo COD kizagabanuka cyane; iyo ingano ya chloride ion mu mazi yanduye irenze 8000mg/L, bizatuma ingano y’imyanda yaguka, ifuro rinini rizagaragara hejuru y’amazi, kandi mikorobe zizapfa imwe imwe.
Ariko, nyuma yo kororerwa mu ngo igihe kirekire, udukoko tuzagenda duhinduka buhoro buhoro kugira ngo dukure kandi twororoke mu mazi y’umunyu afite ubwinshi bwinshi. Kuri ubu, hari abantu bafite udukoko twororoke dushobora guhinduka ku rugero rwa chloride ion cyangwa sulfate ruri hejuru ya 10000mg/L. Ariko, ihame ry’umuvuduko wa osmotic ritubwira ko ubwinshi bw’umunyu mu tunyangingo tw’udukoko twamenyereye gukura no kororoka mu mazi y’umunyu afite ubwinshi bwinshi ari bwinshi cyane. Iyo ubwinshi bw’umunyu mu mazi y’imyanda bubaye buke cyangwa buke cyane, umubare munini w’amazi mu mazi y’imyanda winjira muri utwo dukoko, bigatuma uturemangingo twa mikorobe tubyimba, kandi mu bihe bikomeye, tugacika tugapfa. Kubwibyo, udukoko twamaze igihe kinini twororokerwa mu ngo kandi dushobora guhinduka buhoro buhoro kugira ngo dukure kandi twororoke mu mazi y’umunyu afite ubwinshi bwinshi bisaba ko ubwinshi bw’umunyu mu binyabutabire bya biokemikali buhora buri ku rwego rwo hejuru, kandi ntibushobora guhinduka, bitabaye ibyo utwo dukoko tuzapfa twinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-28-2025