Kuki amazi yumunyu mwinshi cyane agira ingaruka zikomeye kuri mikorobe?

Reka tubanze dusobanure igeragezwa ryumuvuduko wa osmotic: koresha igice cya kabiri cyinjira kugirango utandukanye ibisubizo bibiri byumunyu mwinshi. Amazi ya molekile yumuti wumunyu muke uzanyura mugice kimwe cya kabiri cyinjira mumuti wumunyu mwinshi, kandi molekile zamazi yumuti wumunyu mwinshi cyane nazo zizanyura mugice cya kabiri cyinjira mumuti wumunyu muke, ariko umubare ni muto, bityo urwego rwamazi kuruhande rwumunyu mwinshi wumunyu uzamuka. Iyo uburebure bwuburebure bwurwego rwamazi kumpande zombi butanga umuvuduko uhagije kugirango amazi atongera gutemba, osmose izahagarara. Muri iki gihe, umuvuduko ukomoka kuburebure butandukanye bwurwego rwamazi kumpande zombi nigitutu cya osmotic. Muri rusange, uko umunyu mwinshi mwinshi, niko umuvuduko wa osmotic.

Imiterere ya mikorobe mubisubizo byamazi yumunyu birasa nubushakashatsi bwa osmotic. Imiterere yibice bya mikorobe ni selile, kandi urukuta rw'akagari ruhwanye na kimwe cya kabiri cyinjira. Iyo intungamubiri za chloride ion ziri munsi cyangwa zingana na 2000mg / L, umuvuduko wa osmotic urukuta rw'akagari rushobora kwihanganira ni ikirere cya 0.5-1.0. Nubwo urukuta rw'akagari hamwe na cytoplasmeque membrane bifite ubukana na elastique runaka, umuvuduko wa osmotic urukuta rw'akagari ushobora kwihanganira ntushobora kurenza ikirere 5-6. Ariko, mugihe intungamubiri za chloride ion mubisubizo byamazi ziri hejuru ya 5000mg / L, umuvuduko wa osmotic uziyongera kugera kuri kirere 10-30. Munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi wa osmotic, molekile nyinshi zamazi muri mikorobe izinjira mumuti udasanzwe, bitera umwuma wa selile na plasmolysis, kandi mubihe bikomeye, mikorobe izapfa. Mu mibereho ya buri munsi, abantu bakoresha umunyu (sodium chloride) mu gutoragura imboga n’amafi, guhagarika no kubika ibiryo, aribyo gushyira mu bikorwa iri hame.

Ubunararibonye bwubuhanga bwerekana ko mugihe intungamubiri za chloride ion mumazi y’amazi arenze 2000mg / L, ibikorwa bya mikorobe bizahagarikwa kandi igipimo cyo gukuraho COD kizagabanuka cyane; mugihe intungamubiri za chloride ion mumazi mabi arenze 8000mg / L, bizatera ubwinshi bwamazi kwaguka, umubare munini wifuro uzagaragara hejuru y’amazi, kandi mikorobe zipfa umwe umwe.

Nyamara, nyuma yo gutunga igihe kirekire, ibinyabuzima bigenda bihinduka buhoro buhoro gukura no kubyara mumazi yumunyu mwinshi. Kugeza ubu, abantu bamwe bafite ibinyabuzima byororerwa mu rugo bishobora guhuza na chloride ion cyangwa sulfate yibanda hejuru ya 10000mg / L. Nyamara, ihame ryumuvuduko wa osmotic utubwira ko umunyu mwinshi wamazi ya selile ya selile ya mikorobe yamenyereye gukura no kubyara mumazi yumunyu mwinshi cyane. Iyo umunyu umaze kuba mwinshi mumazi mabi ari muke cyangwa muke cyane, umubare munini wamazi ya molekile mumazi yanduye azinjira mumikorobe, bigatuma mikorobe zibyimba, kandi mubihe bikomeye, guturika no gupfa. Kubwibyo, ibinyabuzima bimaze igihe kinini byororerwa kandi bishobora guhinduka buhoro buhoro gukura no kubyara mumazi yumunyu mwinshi cyane bisaba ko umunyu mwinshi mubinyabuzima bya biohimiki uhora ubikwa murwego rwo hejuru cyane, kandi ntushobora guhindagurika, bitabaye ibyo mikorobe zipfa ari nyinshi.