Polymeri zifata amazi menshi zakozwe mu mpera za 1960. Mu 1961, Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi cya Northern Research Ministry of US Agriculture cyashyize ifu ya acrylonitrile ku nshuro ya mbere kugira ngo hakorwe HSPAN starch acrylonitrile graft copolymer yarenze ibikoresho bisanzwe byinjiza amazi. Mu 1978, Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd. yo mu Buyapani yafashe iya mbere mu gukoresha polymer zifata amazi menshi mu mashereka yo kwirukanwa, ibi bikaba byarakuruye abahanga mu bya siyansi bo hirya no hino ku isi. Mu mpera za 1970, UCC Corporation yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yatanze igitekerezo cyo guhuza polymer zitandukanye za olefin oxide n’imirasire, kandi ikora polymer zifata amazi menshi inshuro 2000, bityo bifungura ikorwa rya polymer zifata amazi menshi zitafata amazi menshi. Irembo. Mu 1983, Sanyo Chemicals yo mu Buyapani yakoresheje acrylate ya potasiyumu imbere y’ibinyabutabire bya diene nka methacrylamide kugira ngo ikore polymer zifata amazi menshi. Nyuma y’ibyo, iyi sosiyete yakomeje gukora sisitemu zitandukanye za polymer zifata neza zigizwe na aside polyacrylic na polyacrylamide. Mu mpera z’ikinyejana gishize, abahanga mu bya siyansi baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye bagiye bakora kandi batuma polymer zifata neza zikura vuba mu bihugu byose ku isi. Kuri ubu, amatsinda atatu akomeye akora ibintu nka Shokubai, Sanyo Chemical na Stockhausen yo mu Budage yashyizeho urwego rw’ibice bitatu. Bagenzura 70% by’isoko ry’isi muri iki gihe, kandi bakora ibikorwa mpuzamahanga bihuriweho binyuze mu bufatanye mu bya tekiniki kugira ngo bigarurire isoko ryo ku rwego rwo hejuru ry’ibihugu byose ku isi. Uburenganzira bwo kugurisha polymer zifata amazi. Polimeri zifata neza zifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha kandi zifite amahirwe menshi yo kuzikoresha. Kuri ubu, ikoreshwa ryayo nyamukuru riracyari ibikoresho by’isuku, bingana na 70% by’isoko ryose.
Kubera ko sodium polyacrylate superabsorbent resin ifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi neza kandi ikaba ifite ubushobozi bwo kubika amazi neza, ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha nk'ikintu gifasha mu kubika amazi mu butaka mu buhinzi no mu mashyamba. Iyo hongewemo ingano nto ya sodium polyacrylate ifata amazi menshi mu butaka, igipimo cyo kumera kwa bimwe mu bishyimbo no kwihanganira amapfa kw'imimero y'ibishyimbo gishobora kwiyongera, kandi umwuka unyura mu butaka ushobora kwiyongera. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'ubushyuhe bw'amazi n'ubushobozi bwiza bwo kurwanya ubushuhe no kurwanya ubushyuhe bwa resin superabsorbent, ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho bishya byo gupakira. Filimi yo gupakira ikozwe mu buryo bwihariye bwa polymer superabsorbent ishobora kubungabunga ubushyuhe bw'ibiryo. Kongeramo ingano nto ya polymer superabsorbent mu kwisiga bishobora no kongera ubushyuhe bwa emulsion, ikaba ari ikintu gifasha mu gukurura. Gukoresha imiterere ya polymer superabsorbent ifata amazi gusa ariko ntifate amavuta cyangwa organic solvents, ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikintu gifasha mu gukura amazi mu nganda.
Kubera ko polymeri zifata cyane zidahumanya umubiri w’umuntu, zidatera ingaruka mbi ku mubiri, kandi zidatera amaraso gufungana, zakoreshejwe cyane mu buvuzi mu myaka ya vuba aha. Urugero, zikoreshwa mu mavuta yo kwisiga afite amazi menshi kandi yoroshye kuyakoresha; gukora ibitambaro byo kwa muganga n’udupira tw’ipamba dushobora gukurura kuva amaraso n’ibisigazwa bivuye mu kubagwa no gukomereka, kandi bishobora gukumira gushonga; gukora imiti irwanya bagiteri ishobora gukwirakwiza amazi n’imiti ariko ntabwo ari mikorobe. Uruhu rw’ubukorano rwandura, nibindi.
Bitewe n’iterambere rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, kurengera ibidukikije byarushijeho gukurura abantu benshi. Iyo polymer ifata amazi menshi ishyizwe mu gikapu gishobora gushonga mu myanda, maze agakapu kakinjira mu myanda, iyo agakapu gashongeshejwe, polymer ifata amazi menshi ishobora guhita ifata amazi kugira ngo ikomeze imyanda.
Mu nganda z'ikoranabuhanga, polymer zifata amazi cyane zishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho bipima ubushuhe, ibikoresho bipima ubushuhe, n'ibikoresho bipima amazi asohoka. polymer zifata amazi cyane zishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho bikura ayoni mu byuma bikomeye n'ibikoresho bikurura amavuta.
Muri make, polymer ifata ibintu byinshi ni ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bya polymer bifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kubikoresha. Iterambere rikomeye rya resin ifata ibintu byinshi rifite ubushobozi bwinshi ku isoko. Muri uyu mwaka, mu gihe cy'amapfa n'imvura nke mu bice byinshi by'amajyaruguru y'igihugu cyanjye, uburyo bwo gukomeza guteza imbere no gukoresha polymer ifata ibintu byinshi ni igikorwa cyihutirwa gihanganye n'abahanga mu by'ubuhinzi n'amashyamba n'abatekinisiye. Mu gihe cyo gushyira mu bikorwa Ingamba z'Iterambere ry'Uburengerazuba, mu kazi ko kunoza ubutaka, guteza imbere no gushyira mu bikorwa imirimo myinshi ifatika ya polymer ifata ibintu byinshi, ifite inyungu zifatika mu mibereho myiza no mu bukungu. Zhuhai Demi Chemicals ifite ubuso bwa metero kare zirenga 30.000. Yibanda ku bushakashatsi no guteza imbere no gukora ibikoresho bifata ibintu byinshi bifata ibintu byinshi (SAP). Ni yo sosiyete ya mbere yo mu gihugu ikora resin ifata ibintu byinshi ihuza ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, umusaruro, kugurisha, na serivisi za tekiniki. Iyi sosiyete ifite uburenganzira bwihariye ku mutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge, ubushobozi bukomeye mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere, kandi ihora ishyira ahagaragara ibicuruzwa bishya. Uyu mushinga uri muri "gahunda y'urumuri" rw'igihugu kandi washimwe kenshi na guverinoma y'igihugu, intara n'imijyi.
Agace ko gusaba
1. Ikoreshwa mu buhinzi n'ubusitani
Resine ifata amazi cyane ikoreshwa mu buhinzi n'ubuhinzi bw'imboga yitwa kandi ifata amazi n'ingufu zo koroshya ubutaka. Igihugu cyanjye ni igihugu gifite ikibazo gikomeye cy'ibura ry'amazi ku isi. Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa ry'ifata amazi rigenda rirushaho kuba ingenzi. Kuri ubu, ibigo by'ubushakashatsi birenga icumi byo mu gihugu byateje imbere ibikomoka kuri resine ifata amazi menshi mu binyampeke, ipamba, amavuta n'isukari. Itabi, imbuto, imboga, amashyamba n'ibindi bimera birenga 60, ubuso burenga hegitari 70.000, kandi ikoreshwa rya resine ifata amazi menshi mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, muri Mongoliya y'imbere n'ahandi hantu hanini mu gutera amashyamba mu gice kinini cy'umucanga. Resine ifata amazi menshi ikoreshwa muri uru rwego ni ibikoresho byiganjemo acrylate polymer yashyizwemo ifu n'ibikomoka kuri acrylamide-acrylate copolymer, aho umunyu wahindutse uva ku bwoko bwa sodium ujya ku bwoko bwa potasiyumu. Uburyo bw'ingenzi bukoreshwa ni ugutera imbuto, gutera amavuta, gushyira mu mwobo, cyangwa kuhira imizi y'ibimera nyuma yo kuvanga n'amazi kugira ngo bikore ifu. Muri icyo gihe, resin ifata amazi cyane ishobora gukoreshwa mu gusiga ifumbire hanyuma igashyirwamo ifumbire, kugira ngo ikoreshwe neza mu gihe ikoreshwa kandi ikumire imyanda n'ihumana. Ibihugu by'amahanga nabyo bikoresha resin ifata amazi cyane nk'ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo imbuto, imboga n'ibiribwa.
2. Ikoreshwa mu buvuzi n'isuku rikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'udupfundikizo tw'isuku, udupfundikizo tw'abana, udupfundikizo tw'isuku, udupfundikizo tw'ibarafu ry'ubuvuzi; ibikoresho by'impumuro nk'iya gel bikoreshwa buri munsi kugira ngo bihindure ikirere. Ikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze mu buvuzi mu mavuta, amavuta yo kwisiga, imitako, kataplasm, nibindi, ifite inshingano zo koroshya, gukurura, kwinjira mu ruhu no gusiga ibara. Ishobora kandi gukorwamo icyuma gikoresha ubwenge kigenzura ingano y'umuti usohoka, igihe cyo kurekura, n'umwanya wo kurekura.
3. Gukoresha mu nganda
Koresha uburyo bwa resin ifata amazi cyane kugira ngo ushyire amazi ku bushyuhe bwinshi kandi urekure amazi ku bushyuhe buke kugira ngo ukore ikintu kidapfa ubushuhe mu nganda. Mu bikorwa byo kugarura amavuta mu nganda, cyane cyane mu nganda za kera, gukoresha imiti y'amazi ya polyacrylamide ifite uburemere bwinshi bwo gukuraho amavuta ni ingirakamaro cyane. Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gukuraho amazi mu byuma bisukura, cyane cyane ku byuma bisukura bifite polarity nke. Hariho kandi ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe mu nganda, amarangi ashongesha amazi, nibindi.
4. Gukoresha mu bwubatsi
Ibikoresho bikurura vuba bikoreshwa mu mishinga yo kubungabunga amazi ni resin isanzwe inyuza amazi, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gufunga imiyoboro y'ingomero mu bihe by'imyuzure, no gufunga amazi yo gushyira mu myanya y'imbere mu nzu, imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi na gari ya moshi; ikoreshwa mu mishinga yo gutunganya imyanda yo mu mijyi no gucukura imyanda. Icyondo gikomera kugira ngo cyorohereze gucukura no gutwara.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-08-2021