Icyerekezo gishya cyo gutunganya imyanda mugihe kizaza? Reba uko ibihingwa by'imyanda yo mu Buholandi bihinduka

Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibihugu byo ku isi byagerageje inzira zitandukanye za tekiniki, zishishikajwe no kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, no kugarura ibidukikije ku isi.

Mu gitutu kiva ku kindi, ibihingwa bitwara imyanda, nk’abakoresha ingufu nini, mubisanzwe bahura nimpinduka:

Kurugero, shimangira imikorere yo kugabanya umwanda kandi ugire uruhare mukurandura azote ikabije na fosifore;

Kurugero, kunoza ingufu zo kwihaza kugirango zikore kuzamura no guhindura ibintu kugirango bigere ku gutunganya imyanda mike ya karubone;

Kurugero, hagomba kwitonderwa kugarura umutungo mugikorwa cyo gutunganya imyanda kugirango igere ku gutunganya.

Hariho rero:

Mu 2003, muri Singapuru hubatswe uruganda rw’amazi rwa mbere rwa NeWater ku isi, kandi kongera gukoresha imyanda bigera ku gipimo cy’amazi yo kunywa;

Mu 2005, uruganda rutunganya imyanda yo muri Otirishiya rwageze ku ncuro ya mbere ku isi kwihaza, rushingiye gusa ku kugarura ingufu z’imiti mu mwanda kugira ngo rushobore gukoresha ingufu zitunganya imyanda;

Mu mwaka wa 2016, amategeko y’Ubusuwisi yategetse kugarura umutungo wa fosifore udashobora kuvugururwa uva mu mwanda (sludge), ifumbire y’inyamaswa n’ibindi bihumanya.

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Nimbaraga zo kubungabunga amazi azwi kwisi yose, Ubuholandi ntibusanzwe inyuma.

Uyu munsi rero, umwanditsi azakuganiriza kubyerekeranye nuburyo ibihingwa bitwara imyanda mubuholandi bizamurwa kandi bigahinduka mugihe cyo kutabogama kwa karubone.

Igitekerezo cyamazi mabi mubuholandi - urwego rwibishya

Ubuholandi, buherereye muri delta ya Rhine, Maas na Scheldt, ni igihugu kiri hasi.

Nkumuntu wibidukikije, burigihe iyo mvuze Ubuholandi, ikintu cya mbere kigaragara mubitekerezo byanjye ni Delft University of Technology.

By'umwihariko, Laboratoire yayo ya Kluvyer izwi cyane ku isi kubera ibyo imaze kugeraho mu ikoranabuhanga rya mikorobe. Byinshi mu buhanga bwo gutunganya imyanda tumenyereye ubu biva hano.

Nkokuvanaho fosifore no gukuramo fosifore (BCFS), nitrifisiyasi ngufi (SHARON), okiside ya anaerobic ammonium (ANAMMOX / CANON), icyuma cya aerobic granular sludge (NEREDA), gutunganyiriza imigezi kuruhande / BABE) PHA) gutunganya, n'ibindi.

Ikindi ni uko ubwo buhanga bwatejwe imbere na Porofeseri Mark van Loosdrecht, akaba yaratsindiye “igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel” mu nganda z’amazi - Igihembo cy’amazi cya Lee Kuan Yew cyo muri Singapuru.

Kera cyane, Delft University of Technology yatanze igitekerezo cyo gutunganya imyanda irambye. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Ubuholandi bwifashishije ubushakashatsi bw’amazi bwashyize iki gitekerezo mu rwego rwa "Gishya".

Ni ukuvuga, impfunyapfunyo yimvugo Intungamubiri (intungamubiri) + Ingufu (ingufu) + Inganda zamazi (amazi) (uruganda), bivuze ko uruganda rutunganya imyanda mu gitekerezo kirambye mubyukuri ari uruganda rukora inyabutatu rwintungamubiri, ingufu kandi rutunganyirizwa amazi.

Gusa birashoboka ko ijambo "Gishya" naryo rifite ubusobanuro bushya, aribwo buzima bushya ndetse nigihe kizaza.

Mbega ukuntu iyi "NSHYA" ari nziza, murwego rwayo, nta myanda ihari muburyo busanzwe mumyanda:

Ibinyabuzima ni byo bitwara ingufu, zishobora gukoreshwa mu kuzuza ingufu zikoreshwa muri icyo gikorwa no kugera ku ntego yo gukora idafite aho ibogamiye; ubushyuhe buri mu mwanda ubwabwo burashobora kandi guhinduka imbaraga nyinshi zubushyuhe / ubukonje binyuze mumasoko yubushyuhe bwamazi, ntibishobora gusa gutanga umusanzu mubikorwa bya karuboni gusa, ariko kandi birashobora no kohereza ibicuruzwa / ubukonje muri societe. Nibyo uruganda rw'amashanyarazi.

Intungamubiri ziri mu mwanda, cyane cyane fosifore, zirashobora kugarurwa neza mugihe cyo kuvura, kugirango bidindiza ibura rya fosifore ku rugero runini. Ibi nibiri muruganda rwintungamubiri.

Nyuma yo kugarura ibintu kama nintungamubiri birangiye, intego nyamukuru yo gutunganya imyanda gakondo irarangiye, naho umutungo usigaye ni amazi yagaruwe tumenyereye. Nibyo igihingwa cyamazi cyasubiwemo.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, Ubuholandi nabwo bwavuze muri make intambwe zo gutunganya imyanda mu buryo butandatu bukuru: ①pretreatment; Kuvura; Kuvura; Kwivuza;

Birasa nkibyoroshye, ariko mubyukuri hariho tekinoroji nyinshi zo guhitamo inyuma ya buri ntambwe yintambwe, kandi tekinoroji imwe irashobora no gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye, kimwe na permisations hamwe na hamwe, ushobora guhora ubona uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya imyanda.

Niba ukeneye ibicuruzwa byavuzwe haruguru kugirango utunganyirize imyanda itandukanye, nyamuneka twandikire.

cr: Naiyanjun Kurengera Ibidukikije Hydrosphere