Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibihugu ku isi byagerageje inzira zitandukanye za tekiniki, ushishikajwe no kugera ku kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanuka kw'ibintu, no kugarura ibidukikije by'isi.
Mu gituturuka ku gice kijya ku bundi, ibihingwa byo kugurisha, nk'abaguzi binini by'ingufu, mubisanzwe bahura nabyo:
Kurugero, gushimangira imikorere yo kugabanuka kwanduye no kwishora mu notrogen ikabije no gukuraho fosifore;
Kurugero, kunoza igipimo cyo kwihaza kwingufu kugirango gishyireho kuzamura no guhinduka kugirango ugere ku buvuzi buke bwa karubone;
Kurugero, kwitabwaho bigomba kwitonderwa kugarura umutungo mugikorwa cyo kuvura imyanda kugirango ugere ku gutunganya.
Hariho rero:
Mu 2003, uruganda rwa mbere rwa mbere ku isi rwasubijwe mu muringa, kandi uburyo bwo gukoresha imyanda bwageze ku kunywa amazi;
Mu 2005, igihingwa cyo kuvura imyanda ya Otirishiya cyageze ku kwihaza kwihaza ku nshuro ya mbere ku isi, kwishingikiriza gusa ku kugarura imbaraga za shimi mu madale mu masasu kugira ngo ukoreshe ingufu mu kwivuza;
Mu 2016, amategeko y'Ubusuwisi yategetse kugarura ibikoresho bya fosifori bidasubirwamo bivuye mu masasu (sludge), ifumbire y'inyamaswa ndetse n'abandi banduye.
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Nkurugero rwumutekano wamazi ku isi, Ubuholandi busanzwe butari inyuma.
Uyu munsi rero, umwanditsi azakuvugisha uburyo ibihingwa byo mu Buholaji byazamuwe kandi bihinduka mugihe cyo kutabogama karubone.
Igitekerezo cy'amazi mu Buholandi - Urwego rw'amakuru
Ubuholandi, buherereye muri Delta ya Rhine, Maas na Schedtt, ni igihugu gito cyo kubeshya.
Nkubutegetsi, igihe cyose mvuze HOLLAND, ikintu cya mbere kikaba mubitekerezo byanjye ni ubuhanga bwikoranabuhanga.
By'umwihariko, lateratory ya kluvyer Latechnology ni uzwi cyane ku isi kubera ibyo yagezeho muri tekinoroji ya microbial. Inyinshi mumyanya ya Sewage yo kuvura ibinyabuzima tumenyereye ubu haturuka hano.
Nko kwamagana fosithorus yo gukuraho no kugarura fosifore (BCFS), nitrification nkeya (Sharon), ANDOX), ANDOX
Ikirenzeho, ubwo buhanga nabwo bwatejwe imbere na Porofeseri Mark Van Loosdrecht, aho yatsinze igihembo cya "Nobel" mu nganda z'amazi - Igihembo cya Lee Kuan.
Kera cyane, kaminuza yikoranabuhanga yasabye igitekerezo cyubwivuzi burambye. Muri 2008, Ubuholandi bwashyize mu gaciro cy'ubushakashatsi bw'amazi byagaragaje iki gitekerezo mu rwego rwa "Amakuru".
Ni ukuvuga, amagambo ahinnye y'intungamubiri (intungamubiri) + ingufu (ingufu) + amazi (uruganda), bivuze ko uruganda rutanga intungamubiri, ingufu n'amazi.
Birabera cyane kuburyo ijambo "amakuru" nayo rifite ubusobanuro bushya, bukaba bumeze bushya nigihe kizaza.
Mbega ukuntu iyi "namakuru" ari nziza, munsi yabyo, nta myanda iri muburyo gakondo mumyanda:
Ibintu kama ni umutwara w'ingufu, ushobora gukoreshwa mugukoresha ingufu zikoreshwa kandi ukagera ku ntego yo gukora karubone-itabogamiye; Ubushyuhe bukubiye mu kayira ubwabwo burashobora guhinduka mubushyuhe bwinshi / imbaraga zubukonje binyuze mumazi pompe, bidashobora kugira uruhare gusa mubikorwa byo kutabogama, ariko nanone bishobora kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ibi nibyo igihingwa cyamashanyarazi kijyanye.
Intungamubiri mumyanda, cyane cyane fosiphorus, irashobora kugarurwa neza mugihe cyo kuvura, kugirango nko gutinza kubura umutungo wa fosifore kurwego runini. Ibi nibikubiye muruganda rwumuntu.
Nyuma yo gukira ibintu cyangwa intungamubiri zuzuye, intego nyamukuru yubuvuzi gakondo burangiye, kandi umutungo usigaye ni amazi yagaruwe tumenyereye. Ibi nibyo igihingwa cyamazi cyasubijwe.
Kubwibyo, Ubuholandi nabwo bwavuze muri make inzira yo kuvura ibintu bitandatu byingenzi: ①ppetreatment; Kwivuza; Kuvura; Kuvura;
Birasa byoroshye, ariko mubyukuri hari tekinoroji nyinshi kugirango uhitemo inyuma ya buri nzira yintambwe, kandi ikoranabuhanga rimwe rirashobora no gukurikizwa munzira zitandukanye, kandi nkikoranabuhanga hamwe, urashobora guhora ubona uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura imyanda.
Niba ukeneye ibicuruzwa byavuzwe haruguru kugirango ufate umwanda utandukanye, nyamuneka twandikire.
Cr: Naiyaanjun Kurengera Ibidukikije
Igihe cya nyuma: Gicurasi-25-2023