Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibihugu hirya no hino ku isi byagerageje inzira zitandukanye za tekiniki, bishishikajwe no kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, no gusana ibidukikije ku isi.
Mu gihe cy’igitutu kiva ku gipimo kimwe kijya ku kindi, inganda z’imyanda, nk’abakoresha ingufu nyinshi, zihura n’impinduka mu buryo busanzwe:
Urugero, kongera imbaraga mu kugabanya imyanda no gukora ibikorwa byo gukuraho azote na fosifore cyane;
Urugero, kunoza igipimo cyo kwihaza mu ngufu kugira ngo hakorwe ivugurura n’impinduka zisanzwe kugira ngo habeho isuku nke y’imyanda ikoreshwa mu gusukura imyanda ikoresheje karuboni nke;
Urugero, hakwiye kwitabwaho ku kugarura umutungo mu gihe cyo gutunganya imyanda kugira ngo habeho kongera gukoreshwa.
Rero hari:
Mu 2003, uruganda rwa mbere rw’amazi rwa NeWater rwasubiwemo rwubatswe muri Singapuru, kandi kongera gukoresha amazi mabi byageze ku gipimo cy’amazi meza;
Mu 2005, uruganda rutunganya imyanda rwa Strass rwo muri Otirishiya rwageze ku nshuro ya mbere ku isi rushobora kwihaza mu ngufu, rwishingikiriza gusa ku kugarura ingufu za shimi mu myanda kugira ngo ruhuze n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu gutunganya imyanda;
Mu 2016, amategeko yo mu Busuwisi yategetse ko umutungo kamere wa fosifore udasubiranywa uva mu myanda y’umwanda (imyanda), ifumbire y’amatungo n’indi myanda ihumanya.
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Nk'igihugu cy'ingenzi kizwi ku isi mu kubungabunga amazi, Ubuholandi ntabwo buri inyuma cyane.
Uyu munsi rero, umwanditsi araganira nawe ku buryo inganda z’imyanda zo mu Buholandi zavuguruwe kandi zigahinduka mu gihe cyo kutagira umwuka wa karuboni.
Igitekerezo cy'amazi mabi mu Buholandi - urwego rw'AMAKURU
Ubuholandi, buherereye mu nkengero za Rhine, Maas na Scheldt, ni ubutaka buri mu kibaya.
Nk'umuntu uharanira ibidukikije, igihe cyose mvuze Holland, ikintu cya mbere kigaruka mu mutwe wanjye ni Kaminuza y'ikoranabuhanga ya Delft.
By’umwihariko, Laboratwari yayo ya Kluvyer Biotechnology izwi ku isi yose kubera ibyo yagezeho mu ikoranabuhanga rya mikorobe. Ikoranabuhanga ryinshi mu gutunganya imyanda y’amazi mabi tuzi ubu rituruka hano.
Nk'uburyo bwo gukuraho phosphorus no kugarura phosphorus mu buryo bwa denitrification (BCFS), nitrification y'igihe gito (SHARON), anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX / CANON), aerobic granular sludge (NEREDA), side stream enrichment/mainstream enhanced nitrification (BABE), biological Plastic (PHA) recycling, n'ibindi.
Ikindi kandi, iri koranabuhanga ryakozwe na Porofeseri Mark van Loosdrecht, aho yatsindiye igihembo cya "Nobel Prize" mu nganda z'amazi - igihembo cya Lee Kuan Yew Water cya Singapore.
Kera cyane, Kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Delft yatanze igitekerezo cyo gutunganya imyanda mu buryo burambye. Mu 2008, Ikigo cy’Ubuholandi gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku mazi cyashyize iki gitekerezo mu buryo bwa “NEWS”.
Ni ukuvuga incamake y'interuro Nutrient (intungamubiri) + Ingufu (ingufu) + Amazi (amazi) inganda (uruganda), bivuze ko uruganda rutunganya imyanda mu buryo burambye ari uruganda rukora intungamubiri eshatu, ingufu n'amazi ashobora kongera gukoreshwa.
Ni uko ijambo "AMAKURU" rifite ibisobanuro bishya, ari byo ubuzima bushya n'ejo hazaza.
Mbega ukuntu iyi "MAKURU" ari nziza, mu rwego rwayo, nta myanda ihari mu buryo bwa gakondo mu myanda y'umwanda:
Ibintu by’umwimerere ni byo bitwara ingufu, bishobora gukoreshwa mu kwishyura ingufu zikoreshwa mu gikorwa no kugera ku ntego yo gukora ibintu bidafite karuboni; ubushyuhe buri mu mwanda ubwabwo bushobora no guhindurwamo ingufu nyinshi z’ubushyuhe/ubukonje binyuze mu ipompe y’amazi ishyushya, idafasha gusa mu gukora ibintu bidafite karuboni, ahubwo ishobora no kohereza ubushyuhe/ubukonje mu muryango. Ibi nibyo uru ruganda rukora.
Intungamubiri ziri mu myanda, cyane cyane fosifore, zishobora kugaruzwa neza mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya, bityo bigatuma ibura rya fosifore rigabanuka cyane. Ibi ni ibikubiye mu ruganda rukora intungamubiri.
Nyuma yo kugarura ibintu bikomoka ku bimera n'intungamubiri, intego nyamukuru yo gutunganya imyanda gakondo iba irangiye, kandi umutungo usigaye ni amazi yasubiwemo tuzi. Iki ni cyo uruganda rw'amazi rwasubiwemo rugamije.
Bityo, Ubuholandi bwasobanuye intambwe zo gutunganya imyanda mu buryo butandatu bw'ingenzi: ①gutunganya mbere y'uko isuku itangira; ②gutunganya by'ibanze; ③nyuma yo kuyitunganya; ④gutunganya imyanda;
Bisa nkaho byoroshye, ariko mu by’ukuri hari ikoranabuhanga ryinshi ryo guhitamo inyuma ya buri ntambwe y’igikorwa, kandi ikoranabuhanga rimwe rishobora no gukoreshwa mu ntambwe zitandukanye z’igikorwa, kimwe no guhuza imyanda n’ibindi, ushobora kubona uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya imyanda.
Niba ukeneye ibi bikoresho byavuzwe haruguru kugira ngo utunganye imyanda itandukanye, twandikire.
cr: Naiyanjun ibidukikije kurengera ibidukikije Hydrosphere
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-25-2023