Abarinda Amazi mu buryo butagaragara: Akamaro ko gukoresha neza imiti igabanya ibara ry'amazi

Amagambo ahinnye: Imashini ikuraho ibara, imashini ikuraho ibara, imashini ikora imashini ikuraho ibara, Guhindura irangi

 Hagati y'imigezi isukuye n'inyanja z'umweru, hari itsinda ry'"abarinda ubuziranenge bw'amazi" batigeze bamenyekana—bakuraho ibara ry'amazi. Kimwe n'umutetsi w'inararibonye, ​​bashobora guhindura "umutobe" w'amazi mabi mo amazi meza nk'ay'umukara. Ariko uyu "mutetsi" afite imiterere ye bwite; ingano, ubushyuhe, n'uburyo bwo gukangura byose ni byo bigena umusaruro w'amazi wa nyuma.

1. Igipimo: Cyane cyane, Gike cyane; Kizura umwuzure

Tekereza kongeramo amazi mu gihe uteka igikoma: amazi make cyane, maze igikoma kigakomeza hasi; amazi menshi cyane, kandi kizaba gito kandi kidasenya. Ingano yo guhindura ibara ry’umuti wo mu bwoko bwa flocculant nayo ikeneye kugenzura neza. Uruganda rumwe rw’imyenda, mu gushaka ibisubizo byihuse, rwongereye ingano yatanzweho urugero ku kigero cya 30%, bituma hatagerwaho gusa ingaruka nziza ahubwo no mu mafloc menshi cyane yatuje vuba cyane, bigatuma molekile z’irangi zisigaye mu mazi zisubira kwihagarika nk’ “amafi yanyuze mu rushundura.” Urundi ruganda rukora irangi, rwubahiriza cyane igipimo cyatanzweho urugero cya 0.5‰, rwagennye ingano nziza binyuze mu igerageza rito ritatu, amaherezo rutuza ibara ry’imyanda riri munsi ya dogere 10, rwujuje ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu byo gusohora amazi mu cyiciro cya mbere.

2. Ubushyuhe: Kode y'Umuvuduko w'Ibibazo bya Chimique

Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe ku ngaruka zo guhindura ibara ry'ibinyabutabire bihindura ibara ni nko guteka igi: amazi akonje asaba kwihangana, mu gihe amazi abira atera gufungana vuba. Mu ruganda rukora impapuro mu majyaruguru y'Ubushinwa, ubwo ubushyuhe bw'amazi bwagabanukaga bukagera kuri 5°C mu gihe cy'itumba, abatekinisiye bagabanyije igihe cyo gufungana kuva ku minota 30 kugeza ku minota 15 bagenzura ubushyuhe bwo gushonga kw'ibinyabutabire bihindura ibara ku gipimo cya 40°C, bituma imiyoboro ya molekile ikura neza. Hagati aho, mu ruganda rukora amashanyarazi mu majyepfo y'Ubushinwa, mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'impeshyi, bongeraho ikintu kigabanya ubushyuhe bwa reaction buri munsi ya 25°C, birinda ko floc yangirika.

3. Agaciro ka pH: Ubuhanga bwo kuringaniza aside na alkalinity

Agaciro ka pH, kimwe n'ubushyuhe cyangwa alkali ku gipimo, bigira ingaruka ku "mico" y'ibice by'amazi bivanze n'amazi. Uruganda rutunganya ibiribwa, rutunganya amazi yanduye afite amavuta, rwasanze iyo pH yari hagati ya 6 na 7, molekile zivanze n'amazi zishobora gukurura uduce tw'amavuta nk'udukuru. Ariko, iyo pH irenze 8, ibice by'amazi bihinduka ibitonyanga kandi bicika intege, kandi igipimo cyo gukuraho COD cyaragabanutseho 40%. Binyuze mu gushyiraho icyuma gipima pH kuri interineti, abatekinisiye bashoboye kugenzura mu buryo bwihuse, batuma COD y'amazi ihagarara iri munsi ya 50 mg/L.

4. Gukangura: Kureka Molekuli zikinisha Waltz nziza

Umuvuduko n'igihe cyo gukangura ni nk'umuvuduko w'imbyino: vuba cyane bizamenagura amafu, buhoro cyane ntibizavanga neza. Uruganda rutunganya amazi yanduye rwo mu mujyi rwafashe ingamba zo "gukangura vuba hanyuma buhoro": iminota 2 ya mbere yakoreshejwe mu kuvanga vuba kuri 150 rpm kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ko flocculant ihindura ibara n'imyanda; iminota 5 yakurikiyeho yakoreshejwe mu kuvanga buhoro buhoro kuri 30 rpm kugira ngo floc zikure buhoro buhoro. Uku kuvanga vuba no buhoro byongereye ingano y'uduce twa floc kuva kuri 50 μm kugera kuri 200 μm, kandi umuvuduko wo gutembera wiyongeraho inshuro 3.

5. Igihe: Ubuhanzi bwo Gutera Isenyi

Igihe cyo guhagarara ni nk'igikorwa cyo gukora divayi: ni gito cyane kandi divayi iba nke, ikaba ndende cyane kandi itakaza ubushyuhe bwayo. Ubushakashatsi bw'inganda zikora imiti bwagaragaje ko igihe cyo guhagarara cyongerewe kuva ku minota 30 kugeza ku minota 45, igipimo cyo gukuramo SS cyariyongereye kuva kuri 85% kigera kuri 92%. Ariko, nyuma y'iminota 60, ibiti byacitse byasubijwemo umwuka kubera "kwicara igihe kirekire cyane," bigatuma imyanda yongera kugaruka.

Kuva ku gipimo n'ubushyuhe kugeza ku gipimo cya pH no kuvanga, buri kantu kose k'umuyoboro uhindura ibara ry'amazi ni ko kagena ubwiza bw'amazi bwa nyuma. Nk'uko injeniyeri w'inararibonye mu gutunganya amazi yigeze kubivuga, “Ntabwo turimo gutunganya amazi, ahubwo turimo kuvugana n'uturemangingo.” Iyo buri gitonyanga cy'umuti kibonye aho gikwiye, buri rugero rw'ubushyuhe ruba rukwiye, kandi buri munota wo gushonga ukozwe mu bwihangane, amazi meza azagaragaza ko yubaha ibidukikije.