Amagambo y'ingenzi ku ngingo:PAM, Polyacrylamide, APAM, CPAM, NPAM, PAM ya Anionic, PAM ya Cationic, PAM itari ionic
Polyacrylamide (PAM) , igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu gutunganya amazi, gucukura peteroli na gaze, no gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro, byatumye uburyo bwo gukora ibidukikije no kurengera ibidukikije biba ibintu by'ingenzi ku baguzi ku isi. Yixing Cleanwater Chems, ifite uburambe bw'imyaka myinshi mu nganda za PAM, yibanda ku ikoranabuhanga mu gutunganya ibidukikije kugira ngo ikore sisitemu y'ibicuruzwa "bikoresha karubone nke, bikoreshwa bike kandi bifite ireme rihanitse". Iyi sisitemu ihuye neza n'ibikenewe mu kuvugurura u Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ositaraliya, n'Ubuyapani, iha abakiriya bo ku isi ibisubizo byo gutunganya amazi yanduye ya PAM bitangiza ibidukikije.
Mu mezi atatu ashize, icyifuzo cy’amasoko ya PAM mu masoko ane y’ingenzi cyagaragaje umwihariko ukomeye w’ “ibidukikije.” Gukurikiza amategeko y’ibidukikije n’ubushobozi bwo gukora umusaruro urambye byabaye ibipimo by’ingenzi mu guhitamo abatanga ibicuruzwa, mu gihe itandukaniro ry’uturere mu busabe ryarushijeho kugaragara:
Isoko ryo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati: Ubushakashatsi kuri peteroli na gaze no gutunganya amazi byatumye hakenerwa PAM itangiza ibidukikije.
Itangwa rya PAM mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati ryiyongereyeho 8% buri kwezi mu mezi atatu ashize, bitewe n'ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi: Icya mbere, kugaruka kw'ibikorwa byo gushakisha peteroli ya shale n'ibikorwa byo gushakisha peteroli mu nyanja y'ubujyakuzimu byatumye igipimo cy'ubwiyongere bw'abakenera peteroli ya shale irwanya umunyu kandi irwanya ubushyuhe ku bidukikije kigera kuri 5% buri mwaka; icya kabiri, ibura ry'amazi ryiyongera ryihutishije ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'imishinga yo kongera gukoresha amazi yanduye mu mijyi, bituma ibicuruzwa bya PAM bisigaye bike kandi bishobora kongera gukoreshwa biba ahantu hazwi cyane mu gutanga amasoko. Imiterere y'amasoko igaragaza ko amasosiyete ya peteroli yo mu gace n'ibigo bitunganya amazi bikunda abatanga peteroli bafite icyemezo cya ISO ku bidukikije, kandi raporo z'umusaruro urambye zabaye inyandiko isabwa mu gutanga amasoko.
Isoko rya Amerika: Amahame ya EPA akomeye atuma PAM irambye igera ku bintu by'ingenzi bikenewe
Isoko ry’amasoko rya PAM ryo muri Amerika mu mezi atatu ashize ryagaragaje ko hari "ivugurura ry’ubuziranenge no kurengera ibidukikije," aho gutunganya amazi byagize 62% by’ingano y’amasoko ndetse n’ibikenewe mu gucukura peteroli na gaze byiyongeraho 4% buri kwezi. EPA ikomeje gukaza amabwiriza ku bisigazwa bya acrylamide irimo gutuma abaguzi bahindukirira PAM yujuje ibisabwa na EPA. Muri icyo gihe, amasosiyete yo muri Amerika arimo gushyira ESG muri sisitemu zayo zo gusuzuma uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa, aho 40% by’abaguzi banini basaba by’ukuri abatanga serivisi gutanga raporo ku bipimo bya karuboni; ubushobozi bwo gukora umusaruro urambye bugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bufatanye.
Isoko rya Ositaraliya: Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'ubuhinzi byateje icyifuzo gikomeye cyo gutumizwa mu mahanga na PAM bidafite ibidukikije
Mu mezi atatu ashize, PAM yo muri Ositaraliya yiyongereyeho 7% buri kwezi, aho urwego rutunganya amabuye y'agaciro rutanga arenga 50% by'ibiciro, bigaragaza ko hari icyifuzo gikomeye cyane cya PAM itangiza ibidukikije yagenewe gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro. Kubera kwaguka kw'imishinga yo gucukura litiyumu n'icyuma, abaguzi ntibibanda gusa ku buryo PAM ikora neza ahubwo banashimangira ingaruka zayo ku bidukikije—ibicuruzwa bishobora kwangirika bidahumanya ibidukikije bishobora gutuma abantu batumiza ibicuruzwa byabo. Byongeye kandi, kwiyongera kw'imishinga yo kunoza ubutaka bw'ubuhinzi byatumye habaho kwiyongera k'ubukene bw'ibicuruzwa bya PAM bidafite umwuka mwinshi wa karuboni.
Isoko ry'Ubuyapani: Politiki zo Gutanga Isoko Ritangiza ibidukikije zishimangiye ko PAM idafite ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije
Isoko rya PAM mu Buyapani ryakomeje gutera imbere mu mezi atatu ashize, aho ibikoresho bitangiza ibidukikije byagize arenga 90% by'ibiciro. Ibicuruzwa bya PAM byujuje ibisabwa bikomeje kubona ukwiyongera mu nganda zitunganya amazi n'impapuro. Imiterere y'amasoko igaragaza ko icyifuzo cy'inganda zitunganya impapuro za PAM gikoreshwa ku gipimo cya 45%, gikoreshwa mu kunoza igipimo cyo kongera imyanda mu mpapuro no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu musaruro; urwego rutunganya amazi rukunda PAM itunganya ibidukikije ifite igipimo cya monomer kiri munsi ya 0.03%, kandi gukoresha uburyo bwa digitale bwo gutanga amasoko bituma habaho kugenzura amakuru y'umusaruro urambye w'abatanga serivisi.
Yixing Cleanwater yibanda ku “kugabanya karuboni, kuzigama ingufu, no kunoza ubuziranenge,” kubaka uburyo burambye bwo gukora umusaruro muri gahunda yose. Ibyiza byayo mu ikoranabuhanga bihuye neza n’ibisabwa n’amasoko ane akomeye ku bidukikije:
Igenzura ry’Ubuziranenge: Ingwate ebyiri zo Kurengera Ibidukikije no Kubikoresha neza
· Ikoranabuhanga ryakozwe ku giti cyaryo rigenga ripima ibisigazwa bike bya monomer rituma habaho ibicuruzwa bifite ibisigazwa bike bya polyycrylamide (PAM), byujuje ibisabwa mpuzamahanga nka EPA na Japanese JIS, bigamije gutuma ikoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe kandi butagize ingaruka mbi.
· Umusaruro wihariye ujyanye n'ibikenewe ku isoko bitandukanye: Guteza imbere PAM irwanya umunyu n'ubushyuhe mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, kunoza ibiciro byo kwishyura ku nganda z'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro zo muri Ositaraliya, kunoza imikorere y'inganda z'impapuro zo mu Buyapani, no gukora ibicuruzwa bifite uburozi buke bujyanye n'amahame ya EPA ku isoko rya Amerika. Kugera ku nshuro ebyiri ku ituze ry'ubuziranenge no kubahiriza ibidukikije.
Icyitegererezo cy'Ubukungu Buzenguruka: Kugera ku Ikoreshwa ry'Umutungo Rinoze
· Amazi yanduye akorwa, nyuma yo kuyatunganya mu buryo bwimbitse, agera ku gipimo cya 85% cyo kugaruka kandi ashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye mu kongera umusaruro, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’amazi meza; imyanda ikomeye, nyuma yo kuyatunganya, agera ku gipimo cya 70% cyo gukoresha umutungo, agahindura imyanda ubutunzi. Dukora ibikoresho bya PAM bishobora kubora, dukoresheje ikoranabuhanga ryo gutera polysaccharide karemano. Ibicuruzwa byacu bigira igipimo cyo kubora kirenga 60% mu bidukikije karemano, bigakemura neza ibibazo by’ibidukikije bimaze igihe bifitanye isano na PAM gakondo, kandi bihuye cyane n’ibisabwa mu Buyapani no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Hitamo Yixing Cleanwater: Ejo hazaza harambye hamwe
Twiyemeje gukora umusaruro urambye, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rihoraho, no kugenzura neza ubuziranenge. Mu gihe duharanira agaciro k'ubukungu ku bakiriya bacu ku isi, turimo kandi gukorana kugira ngo turinde ibidukikije. Baza ubu kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo byihariye byo kugura PAM na serivisi zo gupima ingero ku buntu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-12-2025