Ingingo Ijambo ryibanze:PAM, Polyacrylamide, APAM, CPAM, NPAM, Anionic PAM, Cationic PAM, Non-ionic PAM
Polyacrylamide (PAM) , imiti yibanze mu gutunganya amazi, gucukura peteroli na gaze, no gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro, yabonye uburyo umusaruro w’ibikorwa byangiza ibidukikije no kuramba byabaye ibitekerezo byingenzi kubaguzi ku isi. Yixing Amazi meza meza, afite uburambe bwimyaka mu nganda za PAM, yibanda ku ikoranabuhanga ribyara umusaruro kugirango habeho sisitemu y’ibicuruzwa “biciriritse bike, bikoresha bike, bifite ireme”. Sisitemu ihuye neza nogukenera ibikenerwa byo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, Amerika, Ositaraliya, n’Ubuyapani, bigaha abakiriya bo ku isi ibisubizo byangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije PAM.
Mu mezi atatu ashize, amasoko ya PAM akeneye amasoko ane yingenzi yerekanwe ku kintu cyerekanwe "icyatsi kibisi". Kubahiriza ibidukikije hamwe nubushobozi burambye bwo kubyaza umusaruro byabaye ibipimo ngenderwaho muguhitamo abatanga isoko, mugihe itandukaniro ryakarere mubisabwa ryagaragaye cyane:
Isoko ryo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati: Gucukumbura Amavuta na Gazi no Gutunganya Amazi Bitera Kwiyongera Kubisabwa Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije PAM
Amasoko ya PAM mu burasirazuba bwo hagati yiyongereyeho 8% ukwezi ku kwezi mu mezi atatu ashize, bitewe n’impamvu ebyiri zingenzi: Icya mbere, kugarura amavuta ya shale hamwe n’ibikorwa byo gucukumbura peteroli yo mu nyanja byatumye umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwa buri mwaka ukenerwa n’ibidukikije byangiza umunyu PAM hafi 5%; icya kabiri, ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amazi cyihutishije ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imishinga yo kongera gukoresha amazi y’amakomine, bigatuma ibicuruzwa bya PAM bisigara bike, bisubirwamo bikoreshwa mu masoko. Uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko bwerekana ko amasosiyete y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli n’ibigo bitunganya amazi bikunda abatanga ibyemezo by’ibidukikije bya ISO, kandi raporo z’umusaruro urambye zabaye inyandiko ziteganijwe gupiganira amasoko.
Isoko ryo muri Amerika: Ibipimo Bikomeye bya EPA Bitwara Hejuru-Iherezo Rirambye PAM mubikenewe byingenzi
Isoko ryo gutanga amasoko muri Amerika muri PAM mu mezi atatu ashize ryerekanye icyerekezo cyo “kuzamura ubuziranenge no kongera ibidukikije,” aho gutunganya amazi bingana na 62% by’amasoko kandi ibikenerwa mu gucukura peteroli na gaze byiyongereyeho 4% ukwezi ku kwezi. EPA ikomeje gukaza umurego kubisigazwa bya acrylamide itera abaguzi kwimukira muri PAM yujuje ubuziranenge bwa EPA. Icyarimwe, amasosiyete yo muri Amerika yinjiza ESG muri sisitemu yo gusuzuma amasoko, hamwe 40% byabaguzi benshi basaba byimazeyo abatanga gutanga raporo yerekana ibirenge bya karubone; ubushobozi burambye bwo gutanga umusaruro bugira ingaruka zitaziguye kubufatanye.
Isoko rya Australiya: Ubucukuzi bwamabuye y’ubuhinzi n’ubuhinzi bisaba cyane ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga
PAM yo muri Ositaraliya itumizwa mu mahanga mu mezi atatu ashize yiyongereyeho 7% ukwezi ku kwezi, aho urwego rutunganya amabuye y'agaciro rugizwe na 50% by'amasoko, bikaba byerekana ko hakenewe cyane PAM yangiza ibidukikije yagenewe gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro. Hamwe no kwagura umushinga wo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro ya lithium na fer, abaguzi ntibibanda gusa ku gukemura neza PAM ahubwo banashimangira ingaruka z’ibidukikije - ibicuruzwa byangiza ibidukikije bitanduye umwanda wa kabiri birashoboka cyane ko byabona ibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, kwiyongera mu mishinga yo guteza imbere ubutaka bw’ubuhinzi nabwo byatumye ubwiyongere bukenerwa ku bicuruzwa bisigaye bike, byangiza imyuka ya karuboni nkeya.
Isoko ry'Ubuyapani: Gushimangira Politiki yo gutanga amasoko y'icyatsi Bikunda-Hejuru-Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije PAM
Amasoko ya PAM yo mu Buyapani yakomeje kwiyongera mu mezi atatu ashize, ibikoresho bitangiza ibidukikije bingana na 90% by'amasoko. Ibicuruzwa bya PAM byujuje ubuziranenge bikomeje kubona ubwiyongere bwinjira mu gutunganya amazi n’inganda. Uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko bwerekana ko inganda zimpapuro zikenera PAM zikoresha amafaranga make zingana na 45%, zikoreshwa mukuzamura igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa no kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa mu musaruro; urwego rutunganya amazi rukunda ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije PAM ifite monomer isigaye iri munsi ya 0,03%, kandi kwamamara kwinshi kumurongo wogutanga amasoko ya digitale bituma habaho kugenzura mugihe nyacyo amakuru yumusaruro arambye yabatanga.
Yixing Amazi meza yibanda ku "kugabanya karubone, kuzigama ingufu, no kuzamura ireme," kubaka sisitemu irambye yibikorwa byose. Ibyiza byikoranabuhanga bihuza neza nibidukikije bisabwa amasoko ane akomeye:
Igenzura ryiza-ryiza: Ingwate ebyiri zo kurengera ibidukikije no gukora neza
· Iterambere ryigenga rya tekinoroji ya monomer polymerisiyumu itanga umusaruro mubicuruzwa bifite ibisigara bike bya polyycrylamide (PAM), byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga nka EPA na Yapani JIS, bikoresha neza kandi bitagira ingaruka.
· Umusaruro wihariye kubintu bitandukanye bikenerwa ku isoko: Gutezimbere PAM irwanya umunyu kandi irwanya ubushyuhe mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, guhitamo igipimo cy’imisoro ku nganda z’amabuye y'agaciro ya Ositaraliya, kuzamura imikorere y’inganda z’impapuro z’Ubuyapani, no gukora ibicuruzwa bifite uburozi buke bujuje ubuziranenge bwa EPA ku isoko ry’Amerika. Ibintu bibiri byagezweho byujuje ubuziranenge no kubahiriza ibidukikije.
Icyitegererezo cy'ubukungu buzengurutse: Kugera ku gukoresha neza umutungo
· Amazi y’amazi y’umusaruro, nyuma yo gutunganywa cyane, agera kuri 85% yo gukira kandi arashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwuzuye mu kongera umusaruro, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’amazi meza; imyanda ikomeye, nyuma yo kuyitwara nabi, igera ku kigero cya 70% yo gukoresha umutungo, igahindura imyanda. Dutezimbere ibinyabuzima bya PAM biodegradable, dushyiramo tekinoroji ya polysaccharide. Ibicuruzwa byacu bigera ku gipimo kirenga 60% mu bidukikije, gikemura neza ibibazo by’ibidukikije bimaze igihe bifitanye isano na PAM gakondo, kandi bihuza cyane cyane n’ibidukikije mu Buyapani no muri Amerika.
Hitamo Yixing Amazi meza: Bisangiwe ejo hazaza harambye
Twiyemeje kubyara umusaruro urambye, guhora mu ikoranabuhanga, no kugenzura ubuziranenge. Mugihe dushiraho agaciro mubukungu kubakiriya bacu ku isi, natwe turafatanya kurengera ibidukikije. Saba nonaha kugirango wakire ibisubizo byamasoko ya PAM hamwe na serivise yikigereranyo yubusa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-12-2025