Gutunganya amazi mabi

Amazi Yumwanda & Isesengura ryamazi meza
Gutunganya umwanda ni inzira ikuraho ibyinshi byanduza imyanda-amazi cyangwa imyanda kandi ikabyara imyanda y’amazi ikwiranye n’ibidukikije ndetse n’umwanda.Kugira ngo bigire akamaro, imyanda igomba kugezwa ku ruganda rutunganya imiyoboro n’ibikorwa remezo bikwiye kandi inzira ubwayo igomba kugengwa no kugenzurwa.Andi mazi yimyanda akenera uburyo butandukanye kandi rimwe na rimwe bwihariye bwo gutunganya.Ku buryo bworoshye bwo gutunganya imyanda n’amazi menshi yimyanda ni ugutandukanya ibinini byamazi, mubisanzwe no gutura.Muguhindura buhoro buhoro ibintu byashongeshejwe mubikomeye, mubisanzwe ubushyo bwibinyabuzima no kubikemura, hakorwa uruzi rutemba rwo kongera ubuziranenge.
Ibisobanuro
Umwanda ni imyanda ituruka mu bwiherero, kwiyuhagira, kwiyuhagira, igikoni, n'ibindi bitabwa hakoreshejwe imyanda.Mu turere twinshi imyanda irimo imyanda ituruka mu nganda n’ubucuruzi.Mu bihugu byinshi, imyanda iva mu bwiherero yitwa imyanda mibi, imyanda iva mu bintu nkibase, ubwogero n’igikoni yitwa amazi ya sullage, naho imyanda y’inganda n’ubucuruzi yitwa imyanda y’ubucuruzi.Igabana ry'amazi yo murugo mumazi yumukara namazi yumukara biragenda bigaragara mubihugu byateye imbere, hamwe namazi yimyenda yemerewe gukoreshwa muguhira ibihingwa cyangwa gutunganyirizwa mu bwiherero.Imyanda myinshi irimo kandi amazi yo hejuru hejuru yinzu cyangwa ahantu hahagaze.Amazi y’imyanda rero arimo imyanda ituwe, iy'ubucuruzi, n’inganda, kandi irashobora kuba irimo amazi y’umuyaga.

Ibipimo Muri rusange Byageragejwe:

• UMUBIRI (Ibinyabuzima bya Oxygene ikenerwa)

•COD (Imiti ya Oxygene ikenewe)

•MLSS (Inzoga zivanze zahagaritswe zikomeye)

•Amavuta n'amavuta

•pH

•Imyitwarire

•Igiteranyo Cyuzuye Cyuzuye

UMUBIRI (Ibisabwa na Oxygene ya Biochemiki):
Umwuka wa ogisijeni ukomoka ku binyabuzima cyangwa BOD ni urugero rwa ogisijeni yashonze ikenerwa n’ibinyabuzima by’ibinyabuzima byo mu kirere mu mubiri w’amazi kugirango bisenye ibinyabuzima biboneka mu cyitegererezo cy’amazi ku bushyuhe runaka mu gihe runaka.Iri jambo ryerekeza kandi ku buryo bwa shimi bwo kumenya aya mafaranga.Iki ntabwo ari ikizamini cyuzuye, nubwo gikoreshwa cyane nkikimenyetso cyerekana ubwiza bwamazi.UMUBIRI urashobora gukoreshwa nkigipimo cyo gukora neza ibihingwa bitunganya amazi.Urutonde nkibihumanya bisanzwe mubihugu byinshi.
KOD (Icyifuzo cya Oxygene ikenewe):
Muri chimie y’ibidukikije, ikizamini cya ogisijeni ikenerwa (COD) gikoreshwa mu gupima mu buryo butaziguye ingano y’ibintu kama mu mazi.Porogaramu nyinshi za COD zigena ingano y’imyanda ihumanya iboneka mu mazi yo hejuru (urugero ibiyaga ninzuzi) cyangwa amazi y’imyanda, bigatuma COD igipimo cyiza cy’amazi meza.Guverinoma nyinshi zishyiraho amategeko akomeye yerekeranye n’imyuka myinshi ya ogisijeni ikenerwa mu mazi y’imyanda mbere yuko isubizwa mu bidukikije.

cr.amazi meza