Gusukura imyanda

Isesengura ry'amazi mabi n'imiyoboro y'amazi mabiGusukura imyandani inzira yo gukuraho imyanda myinshi iva mu mazi mabi cyangwa imyanda no gukora imyanda y’amazi ikwiriye kujugunywa mu bidukikije n’imyanda. Kugira ngo imyanda ibe myiza, igomba kujyanwa mu nganda zitunganya imyanda hakoreshejwe imiyoboro n’ibikorwa remezo bikwiye, kandi inzira ubwayo igomba kugenzurwa no kugenzurwa. Andi mazi mabi akunze gukenera uburyo butandukanye kandi rimwe na rimwe bwihariye bwo kuyatunganya. Mu buryo bworoshye bwo gutunganya imyanda no mu buryo bwinshi bwo gutunganya amazi mabi, ibintu bikomeye akenshi bitandukanywa n’amazi binyuze mu kwicara. Bitanga umugezi w’imyanda wiyongera ubuziranenge binyuze mu guhindura buhoro buhoro ibintu byashongeshejwe mo ibintu bikomeye, akenshi biyota, no kubihagarika.

Sobanura

Imyanda ni imyanda y’amazi iva mu bwiherero, mu bwiherero, mu bwogero, mu gikoni, nibindi bijugunywa binyuze mu mwobo w’amazi. Mu turere twinshi, imyanda y’amazi irimo imyanda y’amazi iva mu nganda n’ubucuruzi. Mu bihugu byinshi, imyanda iva mu bwiherero yitwa imyanda y’umukungugu, imyanda iva mu bintu nk’amabasi, mu bwiherero n’ibikoni yitwa amazi y’umukungugu, naho imyanda y’inganda n’ubucuruzi yitwa imyanda y’ubucuruzi. Bigenda birushaho kugaragara mu bihugu byateye imbere kugabanya amazi yo mu ngo mo amazi y’umukara n’umukara, aho amazi y’umukungugu yemererwa kuvomerera inganda cyangwa agakoreshwa mu gusukura ubwiherero. Imyanda myinshi y’amazi y’umukungugu irimo n’amazi yo hejuru ava ku bisenge cyangwa ahantu hakomeye. Bityo, amazi y’imyanda yo mu mujyi arimo amazi yo mu ngo, ay’ubucuruzi, n’ay’inganda kandi ashobora no kuba arimo amazi y’imvura.

Ibipimo rusange by'ibizamini:

·BOD (ikenerwa rya ogisijeni mu binyabuzima)

·COD (Ubukene bwa Ogisijeni mu Binyabutabire)

·MLSS (Ibinyabutabire bivanze n'amazi)

·Amavuta n'amavuta

·PH

·Uburyo bwo kuyobora

· Ibintu byose byashongeshejwe

BOD (ikenewe rya ogisijeni mu binyabuzima):

Ubusabe bwa Okisijeni mu binyabuzima, cyangwa BOD, ni ingano ya ogisijeni yashongeshejwe isabwa n'ibinyabuzima biri mu mazi kugira ngo biboze ibintu by'umwimerere biri mu gipimo cy'amazi runaka ku bushyuhe runaka mu gihe runaka. Iri jambo kandi risobanura uburyo bwa shimi bukoreshwa mu kugena ingano. Iki si ikizamini nyacyo cy'ingano, nubwo gikoreshwa cyane nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubwiza bw'amazi mu binyabuzima. BOD ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikimenyetso cyo gupima imikorere y'inganda zitunganya amazi yanduye. Igaragara nk'ikintu gisanzwe gihumanya ikirere mu bihugu byinshi.

COD (Uburyo bwo gukoresha ogisijeni mu binyabutabire):

Mu bijyanye n'ibidukikije, ikizamini cya shimi cyo gukenera umwuka wa ogisijeni (COD) gikunze gukoreshwa mu gupima mu buryo butaziguye ingano y'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera biri mu mazi. Imikoreshereze myinshi ya COD igena ingano y'ibintu bihumanya ikirere biboneka mu mazi yo hejuru (nk'ibiyaga n'imigezi) cyangwa mu mazi yanduye, bigatuma COD iba ikimenyetso cy'ingirakamaro cy'ubwiza bw'amazi. Guverinoma nyinshi zashyizeho amategeko akaze ku giciro ntarengwa cya ogisijeni y'ibimera yemerewe gukoreshwa mu mazi yanduye mbere yuko asubizwa mu bidukikije.

Isosiyete yacuyinjiye mu nganda zitunganya amazi kuva mu 1985 itanga imiti n'ibisubizo ku bwoko bwose bw'inganda zitunganya imyanda y'imyanda n'iy'umujyi. Ni twe dukora imiti itunganya amazi, harimoPolyethylene glycol-PEG, Ifite ubukonje, aside cyanuriki, chitosan, ikoreshwa mu guhindura ibara ry'amazi, poly DADMAC, polyacrylamide, pac, ach, defoamer, ikoreshwa mu gupima bagiteri, DCDA, n'ibindi.

Niba ubyifuza, ndakwinginze Twandikireku buntu.