Kuvura umwanda

Isesengura ry'amazi n'amaziKuvura umwandani inzira yo kuvana imyanda myinshi mumazi mabi cyangwa umwanda no kubyara imyanda ikwiranye no kujugunywa mubidukikije no kumeneka. Kugira ngo bigire akamaro, umwanda ugomba kujyanwa mu nganda zitunganya hakoreshejwe imiyoboro n’ibikorwa remezo, kandi inzira ubwayo igomba gutegekwa no kugenzurwa. Ayandi mazi yanduye akenera uburyo butandukanye kandi rimwe na rimwe bwihariye bwo gutunganya. Mu gutunganya imyanda yoroshye hamwe no gutunganya amazi mabi, mubisanzwe ibisanzwe bitandukanywa namazi mugutuza. Bitanga uruzi rutemba rwo kongera ubuziranenge muguhindura buhoro buhoro ibintu byashongeshejwe mubikomeye, mubisanzwe biota, no kubikemura.

Sobanura

Umwanda ni imyanda ituruka mu bwiherero, mu bwiherero, kwiyuhagira, igikoni, n'ibindi bijugunywa mu miyoboro. Mu turere twinshi, umwanda urimo imyanda ituruka mu nganda n’ubucuruzi. Mu bihugu byinshi, imyanda iva mu musarani yitwa imyanda mibi, imyanda iva mu bintu nkibase, ubwiherero n’igikoni byitwa amazi y’amazi, naho imyanda y’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi yitwa imyanda y’ubucuruzi. Bimaze kumenyekana cyane mu bihugu byateye imbere kugabanya amazi yo mu rugo mo amazi y’umukara n’umukara, hamwe n’amazi y’imyenda yemerewe kuvomera ibihingwa cyangwa gutunganyirizwa mu bwiherero. Imyanda myinshi irimo n'amazi yo hejuru ava hejuru yinzu cyangwa ahantu hakomeye. Niyo mpamvu, amazi y’amakomine arimo imyanda yo guturamo, iy'ubucuruzi, n’inganda kandi ishobora no kuba irimo amazi y’imvura.

Ibipimo rusange byikizamini:

· UMUBIRI (ogisijeni ikomoka ku binyabuzima)

· COD (Icyifuzo cya Oxygene ikenewe)

· MLSS (Amazi avanze y'amazi yahagaritswe)

· Amavuta n'amavuta

· PH

· Imikorere

· Ibintu byose byashonze

UMUBIRI (ogisijeni ikomoka kuri biohimiki):

Ibinyabuzima bya Oxygene ya Biochemiki, cyangwa BOD, ni urugero rwa ogisijeni yashonze isabwa n’ibinyabuzima byo mu kirere mu mubiri w’amazi kugira ngo ibore ibinyabuzima biboneka mu cyitegererezo cy’amazi yatanzwe ku bushyuhe bwihariye mu gihe runaka. Iri jambo ryerekeza kandi ku miti ikoreshwa mu kumenya umubare. Iki ntabwo ari ikizamini nyacyo, nubwo gikoreshwa cyane nkikimenyetso cyerekana ubwiza bwamazi. UMUBIRI urashobora gukoreshwa nkikimenyetso cyo gupima imikorere yibihingwa bitunganya amazi. Urutonde nkumwanda usanzwe mubihugu byinshi.

KOD (Icyifuzo cya Oxygene ikenewe):

Muri chimie y’ibidukikije, ikizamini cya ogisijeni ikenerwa (COD) gikoreshwa kenshi mu gupima mu buryo butaziguye ingano y’ibintu kama mu mazi. Porogaramu nyinshi za COD zigena ingano y’imyanda ihumanya iboneka mu mazi yo hejuru (nk'ibiyaga ninzuzi) cyangwa amazi y’amazi, bigatuma COD igaragaza akamaro k’amazi meza. Guverinoma nyinshi zashyizeho amategeko akomeye ku byifuzo byinshi bya ogisijeni ikenerwa mu mazi y’amazi mbere yo gusubira mu bidukikije.

Isosiyete yacuyinjira mu nganda zitunganya amazi kuva 1985 atanga imiti nigisubizo cyubwoko bwose bwinganda zitunganya imyanda ninganda. Turi abakora imiti itunganya amazi, harimoPolyethylene glycol-PEG.

Niba ubishaka, pls twandikirekuburugero rwubusa.