Gutunganya imyanda ya mikorobe ni ugushyira ubwoko bwinshi bw'udukoko twiza mu myanda, ibyo bigatera imbaraga ishyirwaho ryihuse ry'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ruringaniye mu mazi ubwayo, aho usanga hari ibintu biboza, abakora, n'abakoresha gusa. Imyanda ishobora kuvurwa no gukoreshwa neza kurushaho, bityo hagakorwa urusobe rw'ibiribwa rwinshi, bigatuma habaho urusobe rw'ibiribwa ruhuza ibidukikije. Sisitemu nziza kandi ihamye yo kuringaniza ibidukikije ishobora gushyirwaho iyo ingano ikwiye n'ingufu bigumanye hagati y'urwego rw'ikirere. Iyo ingano runaka y'imyanda yinjiye muri uru rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, imyanda ya organic irimo ntabwo yangirika gusa kandi igasukurwa na bagiteri na fungi, ahubwo n'ibikomoka ku kwangirika kwayo, bimwe mu bintu bidafite umwimerere, bikoreshwa nk'isoko ya karuboni, isoko ya azote na fosifore, kandi ingufu z'izuba zikoreshwa nk'isoko y'ingufu ya mbere. , kwitabira gahunda y’ihinduka ry’ibiryo mu rusobe rw’ibiribwa, kandi buhoro buhoro bimuka kandi bigahinduka biva ku rwego rwo hasi rw’ibikomoka ku bimera bito bijya ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’ibikomoka ku bimera bito bito, amaherezo bigahinduka ibihingwa byo mu mazi, amafi, isambaza, inkende, ibisiga n’ibindi bikomoka ku buzima buteye imbere, kandi binyuze mu bikorwa by’abantu bihoraho, gufata no kongeramo ingamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu mubiri w’amazi, kongera ubwiza n’imiterere y’amazi, no kugera ku ntego yo gukumira no kugenzura ikwirakwira ry’ibikomoka ku bimera bito bito bikomoka ku bimera.
1. Gutunganya imyanda hakoreshejwe mikorobeahanini ikuraho imyanda ihumanya ikirere (BOD, COD) mu gihe cy’imyanda ivanze n’iyashongeshejwe mu myanda, kandi igipimo cyo kuyikuramo gishobora kugera ku kigero kirenga 90%, kugira ngo imyanda ihumanya ikirere ishobore kugera ku gipimo cy’imyanda iva mu myanda.
(1) BOD (igikenewe cya ogisijeni mu binyabuzima), ari byo "igikenewe cya ogisijeni mu binyabuzima" cyangwa "igikenewe cya ogisijeni mu binyabuzima", ni ikimenyetso kitaziguye cy'ingano y'ibintu bikomoka ku binyabuzima mu mazi. Muri rusange yerekeza ku gice cy'ibintu bikomoka ku binyabuzima byoroshye gukaraba kiri muri litiro 1 y'imyanda cyangwa icyitegererezo cy'amazi kigomba gupimwa. Iyo mikorobe ziyuzura zikayiboza, ogisijeni yashongeshejwe mu mazi ikoreshwa muri mililitiro (igice ni mg/L). Ibipimo byo gupima BOD muri rusange bigenwa kuri 20 °C mu gihe cy'iminsi 5 n'amajoro, bityo ikimenyetso cya BOD5 gikunze gukoreshwa.
(2) COD (ikinyabutabire cya ogisijeni) ni ikinyabutabire cya ogisijeni, kikaba ari ikimenyetso cyoroshye cyerekana ingano y'ibintu bikomoka ku binyabuzima biri mu mazi. (igipimo ni mg/L). Ibinyabutabire bikunze gukoreshwa ni K2Cr2O7 cyangwa KMnO4. Muri byo, K2Cr2O7 ikunze gukoreshwa, naho COD yapimwe igaragazwa na "COD Cr".
2. Gutunganya imikorobe. Imiyoboro y'amazi mabi ishobora kugabanywamo uburyo bwo kuvura indwara z'umwuka n'uburyo bwo kuvura indwara z'umwuka bitewe n'uko umwuka wa ogisijeni umeze mu gikorwa cyo kuvura.
1. Sisitemu yo kuvura indwara zo mu kirere
Mu gihe cy’ikirere, mikorobe zinjira mu bintu bikomoka ku bidukikije, zigahindura ogisijeni zikayihinduramo ibintu bidafite umwimerere, zigatunganya imyanda, kandi zigakora ibintu bikomoka ku turemangingo icyarimwe. Mu gihe cyo gutunganya imyanda, mikorobe ziba mu buryo bw’imyanda ikora ndetse n’ibice by’ingenzi bya biofilm.
Ubu buryo ni uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe biofilm nk'umubiri w'ingenzi wo gusukura. Biofilm ni ururenda rw'umunwa rufatanye n'ubuso bw'icyuma gitwara amazi kandi ahanini rukorwa na micelles za bagiteri. Imikorere ya biofilm ni imwe n'iy'igitaka cyakoreshejwe mu gikorwa cyo gusohora amazi, kandi imiterere ya mikorobe nayo isa. Ihame nyamukuru ryo gusukura imyanda ni ukwinjira no kubora kwa ogisijeni kw'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera mu myanda hakoreshejwe biofilm ifatanye n'ubuso bw'icyuma gitwara amazi. Dukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gukorana hagati y'icyuma n'amazi, uburyo bwa biofilm burimo uburyo bwa biological turntable n'uburyo bwa tower biological filter.
3. Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya Anaerobic
Mu gihe cy’uburozi butagira umwuka, uburyo bwo gukoresha bagiteri zidafite umwuka (harimo na bagiteri zidafite umwuka) mu kubora imyanda ihumanya ikirere mu myanda y’amazi mabi bwitwa kandi igogorwa ry’amazi cyangwa igogorwa ry’amazi. Kubera ko igogorwa ritanga methane, ryitwa kandi igogorwa rya methane. Ubu buryo ntibushobora gukuraho gusa ihumana ry’ibidukikije, ahubwo bunateza imbere ingufu za bio-energy, bityo abantu bakita cyane ku byo bakora. Igogorwa ry’amazi mabi ni urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rugoye cyane, rugizwe n’amatsinda atandukanye ya bagiteri, buri rimwe rikenera substrates n’imimerere itandukanye, rigakora urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rugoye. Igogorwa rya methane rigizwe n’ibice bitatu: icyiciro cyo gushonga, ikorwa rya hydrogen na aside asetiki n’ikorwa rya methane.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi mabi bushobora kugabanywamo uburyo bw'ibanze, ubwa kabiri n'ubwa gatatu hakurikijwe urwego rw'uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi mabi.
Uburyo bw'ibanze bwo kuvura: Bukuraho ahanini imyanda ikomeye iri mu myanda, kandi uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura bushobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu buryo bw'ibanze. Nyuma yo kuvura imyanda ku buryo bw'ibanze, BOD muri rusange ishobora gukurwaho hafi 30%, ibi bikaba bitajyanye n'ibipimo ngenderwaho byo kuyisohora. Uburyo bw'ibanze bwo kuvura ni ubwo gutunganya mbere y'uko ikoreshwa mu kuvura ku buryo bw'ibanze.
Uburyo bw'ibanze bwo gutunganya ni ubu: imyanda mibi yanyuze mu muyoboro w'amazi iterurwa n'ipompe iterura imyanda - inyuzwa mu muyoboro cyangwa mu ruziga - hanyuma ikinjira mu cyumba cy'amazi - imyanda itandukanyijwe n'umucanga n'amazi yinjira mu kigega cy'ibanze cyo gusenya, ibi byavuzwe haruguru ni: Gutunganya by'ibanze (ni ukuvuga gutunganya imiterere). Akamaro k'icyumba cy'amazi ni ugukuraho uduce tudafite umwimerere dufite uburemere bwihariye. Ibyumba by'amazi bikunze gukoreshwa ni ibyumba by'amazi byo mu bwoko bwa advection, ibyumba by'amazi byo mu bwoko bwa aerated grit, ibyumba by'amazi byo mu bwoko bwa Dole grit n'ibyumba by'amazi byo mu bwoko bwa bell-type grit.
Uburyo bwa kabiri bwo kuvura: Ikuraho ahanini imyanda ya colloidal na organic exfused (BOD, COD) mu myanda y'umwanda, kandi igipimo cyo kuyikuramo gishobora kugera ku kigero kirenga 90%, kugira ngo imyanda ya organic ibe yujuje ibisabwa.
Uburyo bwa kabiri bwo kuvura ni ubu: amazi ava mu kigega cy’ibanze cyo gusya amazi yinjira mu bikoresho byo kuvura binyabuzima, harimo uburyo bwo gusya amazi bwakoreshejwe n’uburyo bwa biofilm, (icyuma gikoresha uburyo bwo gusya amazi cyakoreshejwe kirimo ikigega cy’umwuka, umuyoboro wa ogisijeni, nibindi. Uburyo bwa biofilm burimo ikigega cy’ibinyabuzima, turntable y’ibinyabuzima, uburyo bwo gusya amazi hakoreshejwe binyabuzima hamwe n’ahantu hakoreshwa binyabuzima), amazi ava mu bikoresho byo kuvura binyabuzima yinjira mu kigega cy’ibanze cyo gusya amazi, kandi imyanda iva mu kigega cy’ibanze cyo gusya amazi irasohoka nyuma yo gusukurwa cyangwa kwinjira mu kigega cy’ibanze.
Uburyo bwo kuvura bwa gatatu: ahanini buvura ibintu bidafite akamaro, ibintu bishongesha nk'azote na fosifore bishobora gutuma
Uburyo bwo gukuraho umwuka mu mubiri w'amazi. Uburyo bwakoreshejwe burimo imiterere y'amazi mu buryo bw'ibinyabuzima no gukuraho fosifore, gufungana kw'amazi mu buryo bw'amazi, uburyo bwo gupima umusenyi, uburyo bwo gushyiramo umwuka wa karuboni mu buryo bw'ingufu, uburyo bwo guhinduranya iyoni n'uburyo bwo gusesengura electroosmosis.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi mu gice cya gatatu ni ubu bukurikira: igice cy'umucanga uri mu kigega cya kabiri cy'umucanga gisubizwa mu kigega cya mbere cy'umucanga cyangwa ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibinyabuzima, hanyuma igice cy'umucanga kikinjira mu kigega cyongera umucanga, hanyuma kikinjira mu kigega cyo gusya umucanga. Nyuma yo gukura amazi no kumisha ibikoresho, umucanga ukoreshwa burundu.
Yaba umuguzi mushya cyangwa umuguzi ushaje, twizera imiterere yihariye ya bagiteri za amoniya zikoreshwa mu gutunganya amazi mu Bushinwa, kwagura bagiteri zikoreshwa mu gukaraba no kugira umubano mwiza, twishimiye abakiriya bashya n'abashaje kutwandikira kuri telefoni igendanwa cyangwa kutwoherereza ubutumwa bwa imeri kugira ngo tubaze kugira ngo dushinge amashyirahamwe y'ubucuruzi arambye kandi dushobore gutsinda.
Ubuvuzi bw'imiti mu mazi yanduyeIgishushanyo cyihariye cya Bacteria mu Bushinwa, Umukozi ushinzwe kuvura amazi ya Bacteria, nk'abakozi bize, bahanga udushya kandi bakomeye, twashinzwe ibintu byose bijyanye n'ubushakashatsi, gushushanya, gukora, kugurisha no gukwirakwiza. Mu gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishya, ntabwo dukurikiza gusa ahubwo tuyobora inganda z'imideli. Twumva neza ibitekerezo by'abakiriya kandi tugatanga itumanaho ryihuse. Uzumva ubuhanga bwacu na serivisi nziza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-11-2022