IncamakeGukora amazi mabi ahanini biva mubikorwa bibiri byo gutunganya no gukora impapuro mubikorwa byo gukora impapuro. Gusunika ni ugutandukanya fibre nibikoresho fatizo byibimera, gukora pulp, hanyuma ukabihumura. Iyi nzira izatanga amazi menshi yo gukora impapuro; gukora impapuro nuguhindura, gushushanya, gukanda, no gukama ifu kugirango ukore impapuro. Iyi nzira kandi ikunze kubyara amazi yimyanda. Amazi mabi yingenzi akorwa muburyo bwo gusya ni inzoga z'umukara n'inzoga zitukura, kandi gukora impapuro bitanga amazi yera.
Ibyingenzi byingenzi 1. Umubare munini wamazi yanduye.2. Amazi mabi arimo ibintu byinshi byahagaritswe, cyane cyane wino, fibre, yuzuza ninyongera.3. SS, COD, BOD nibindi bihumanya mumazi mabi birasa cyane, ibirimo COD biruta BOD, kandi ibara ryijimye.
Gahunda yo kuvura no gukemura ibibazo.1. Uburyo bwo kuvura Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bukoresha cyane cyane anaerobic, aerobic, physique na chimique coagulation hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura uburyo bwo kuvura.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya no gutemba: Amazi y’amazi amaze kwinjira muri sisitemu yo gutunganya amazi y’amazi, abanza kunyura mu myanda kugira ngo akureho imyanda minini, yinjira muri pisine ya gride kugirango angane, yinjira mu kigega cya coagulation, kandi atanga reaction ya coagulation yongeramo chloride polyaluminium na polyacrylamide. Nyuma yo kwinjira muri flotation, SS nigice cya BOD na COD mumazi yanduye. Amazi ya flotation yinjira muri anaerobic na aerobic ibyiciro bibiri bivura biohimiki kugirango akureho BOD na COD mumazi. Nyuma yikigega cya kabiri cyimyanda, COD na chromaticité yamazi yanduye ntabwo byujuje ubuziranenge bwigihugu. Imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura neza kugira ngo amazi y’amazi ashobore kuba yujuje ubuziranenge bw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere cyangwa yujuje ubuziranenge bw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
Ibibazo Rusange nibisubizo 1) COD irenze igipimo. Amazi y’amazi amaze gutunganywa no kuvura ibinyabuzima bya anaerobic na aerobic, COD y’imyanda ntabwo yujuje ubuziranenge bw’ibyuka bihumanya. Ongera kumazi muburyo runaka hanyuma ukore muminota 30.
2) Chromaticity na COD byombi birenze ibisanzwe Nyuma y’amazi y’amazi amaze gutunganywa na anaerobic na aerobic biochemical treatment, COD y’imyanda ntabwo yujuje ubuziranenge bw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Igisubizo: Ongeraho decolorizer ya flocculation ikora neza, vanga na decolorizer ikora neza, hanyuma ukoreshe polyacrylamide muguhindura imvura no kugwa, gutandukanya bikomeye-amazi.
3) Azote ikabije ya ammonia Azote isohoka ya ammonia ntishobora kuba yujuje ibyangombwa bisohoka muri iki gihe. Igisubizo: Ongeramo azote ikuramo ammonia, koga cyangwa aerate hanyuma uvange, hanyuma ukore muminota 6. Mu ruganda rukora impapuro, azote isohoka ya ammoniya igera kuri 40ppm, naho urugero rwa azote yo mu bwoko bwa ammoniya yoherezwa munsi ya 15ppm, idashobora kuba yujuje ibyangombwa bisohoka mu kirere biteganijwe n’amabwiriza yo kurengera ibidukikije.
Umwanzuro Gutunganya amazi y’amazi bigomba kwibanda ku kuzamura igipimo cy’amazi atunganywa, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’amazi n’isohoka ry’amazi, kandi muri icyo gihe, bigomba gushakisha byimazeyo uburyo butandukanye bwizewe, bw’ubukungu n’amazi y’amazi ashobora gukoresha neza umutungo w’amazi mabi. Kurugero: uburyo bwa flotation burashobora kugarura fibrous solide mumazi yera, hamwe nigipimo cyo gukira kigera kuri 95%, kandi amazi asobanutse arashobora kongera gukoreshwa; uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi y’amazi arashobora kugarura hydroxide ya sodium, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfate nindi myunyu ya sodium ihujwe nibintu kama mumazi yumukara. Kutabogama uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi mabi ahindura pH agaciro k’amazi mabi; gutembera kwa coagulation cyangwa flotation birashobora gukuraho ibice binini bya SS mumazi mabi; uburyo bwimvura yimiti irashobora gushushanya; uburyo bwo gutunganya ibinyabuzima bushobora gukuraho BOD na COD, bigira akamaro cyane mumazi yimyanda. Hiyongereyeho, hariho na osmose revers, ultrafiltration, electrodialysis nubundi buryo bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye akoreshwa murugo no mumahanga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-17-2025