Flocculantikunze kwitwa "umuti w'inganda", ifite akamaro kanini. Mu rwego rwo gukomeza gutandukanya amazi n'amazi akomeye mu bijyanye no gutunganya amazi, ishobora gukoreshwa mu kongera imvura y'imyanda, gutunganya amazi ahindagurika ndetse no kongera imvura nyuma yo gukoresha uburyo bwo kuyasukura. Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gutunganya amazi asanzwe cyangwa mu buryo buhanitse. Mu gutunganya amazi, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'amazi asanzwe (ingano y'imiti), ibi bintu biragoye cyane, harimo ubushyuhe bw'amazi, pH n'ubukana bw'amazi, imiterere n'ubwinshi bw'imyanda mu mazi, imiterere y'amazi yo hanze, n'ibindi.
1. Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe bw'amazi
Ubushyuhe bw'amazi bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku ikoreshwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge, n'ubushyuhe buke bw'amazi mu gihe cy'itumba
bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku ikoreshwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge, ibi bikaba bikunze gutuma udukoko tw'inka dufite uduce duto kandi tudafite ishingiro tugenda buhoro. Impamvu nyamukuru ni izi:
Gutonyaza umunyu utagira umwimerere ni ingaruka z’umubiri, kandi gutonyaza umunyu utagira ingano mu mazi ni ikibazo gikomeye.
Ubushyuhe bw'amazi ari mu bushyuhe buke ni bwinshi, ibyo bigatuma imigendere y'uduce tw'imyanda mu mazi igabanuka.
amazi kandi bigabanya amahirwe yo kugongana, ibyo bikaba bidatera kwangirika no kwibumbira hamwe kwa koloyide kandi bigira ingaruka ku mikurire ya flocs.
Iyo ubushyuhe bw'amazi buri hasi, amazi y'utunyangingo twa colloidal ariyongera, ibyo bikaba bibangamira imikoranire y'utunyangingo twa colloidal, ndetse bikagira ingaruka ku mbaraga zo gufatana hagati y'utunyangingo twa colloidal.
Ubushyuhe bw'amazi bufitanye isano na pH y'amazi. Iyo ubushyuhe bw'amazi buri hasi, pH y'amazi iriyongera, kandi pH ijyanye nayo yo gufungana nayo irazamuka. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cy'itumba mu turere dukonje, biragoye kubona ingaruka nziza zo gufungana nubwo hongewemo ingano nini ya coagulant.
2. pH na Alkalinity
Agaciro ka pH ni ikimenyetso cy'uko amazi ari aside cyangwa alkaline, ni ukuvuga, ikimenyetso cy'ubwinshi bwa H+ mu mazi. Agaciro ka pH k'amazi mabi bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku gikorwa cya hydrolysis cya coagulant, ni ukuvuga ko iyo agaciro ka pH k'amazi mabi ari mu rugero runaka, ingaruka zo gufungana zishobora kwemezwa.
Iyo coagulant yongewe mu mazi, igipimo cya H+ mu mazi kiriyongera bitewe na hydrolysis ya coagulant, bigatuma agaciro ka pH k'amazi kagabanuka kandi bikabangamira hydrolysis. Kugira ngo pH igume mu rugero rwiza, amazi agomba kuba afite ibintu bihagije bya alkaline kugira ngo bihagarike H+. Amazi karemano arimo urugero runaka rwa alkaline (ubusanzwe HCO3-), rushobora guhagarika H+ ikorwa mu gihe cy'amazi ya coagulant, kandi rukagira ingaruka ku gipimo cya pH. Iyo alkaline y'amazi adahagije cyangwa coagulant yongewemo cyane, pH y'amazi izagabanuka cyane, igasenya ingaruka za coagulant.
3. Ingaruka z'imiterere n'ubwinshi bw'imyanda mu mazi
Ingano y'utunyangingo n'ubushobozi bwo kwishyuza bwa SS mu mazi bizagira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo gufungana. Muri rusange, umurambararo w'utunyangingo ni muto kandi ni umwe, kandi ingaruka zo gufungana ni nke; ubwinshi bw'utunyangingo mu mazi ni buke, kandi amahirwe yo gukubitana kw'utunyangingo ni make, ibyo bikaba atari byiza ku gufungana; iyo ubushyuhe ari bwinshi, kugira ngo colloid igume mu mazi, ikoreshwa ry'imiti rikenewe rirazamuka cyane. Iyo hari ingano nini y'ibintu by'umwimerere mu mazi, bishobora kwinjizwa n'utunyangingo tw'ibumba, bityo bigahindura imiterere y'ubuso bw'utunyangingo tw'umwimerere twa colloidal, bigatuma utunyangingo twa colloidal turushaho gukomera, ibyo bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku ngaruka zo gufungana. Muri iki gihe, okisidasiyo igomba kongerwa mu mazi kugira ngo isenye ingaruka z'ibintu by'umwimerere, inoze ingaruka zo gufungana.
Umunyu washongeshejwe mu mazi na wo ushobora kugira ingaruka ku kuzura kw'amazi. Urugero, iyo hari ingano nini ya calcium na manyeziyumu mu mazi karemano, bituma amazi azura, mu gihe ingano nini ya Cl- idafasha mu kuzura kw'amazi. Mu gihe cy'umwuzure, amazi menshi arimo ingano nini ya humus yinjira mu kimera bitewe no gukaraba amazi y'imvura, kandi urugero rwa pre-chlorination na coagulant rukoreshwa muri rusange rushingiye kuri ibi.
4. Ingaruka z'imiterere y'amazi yo hanze
Ingingo z'ibanze zo guteranya uduce twa colloidal ni uguhungabanya utubumbe twa colloidal, no gutuma uduce twa colloidal twateshejwe agaciro duhura. Inshingano nyamukuru ya coagulant ni uguhungabanya utubumbe twa colloidal, naho gukurura amazi hanze ni ukureba ko uduce twa colloidal dushobora gukorana neza na coagulant, kugira ngo uduce twa colloidal duhurane kugira ngo dukore flocs.
Kugira ngo uduce twa koloidal dukore neza kuri coagulant, coagulant igomba gukwirakwizwa vuba kandi neza mu bice byose by'amazi nyuma yuko coagulant ishyizwe mu mazi, ibisanzwe bizwi nka "fast mixing", bisaba mu masegonda 10 kugeza kuri 30 kandi ntibirenze iminota 2.
5. Ingaruka z'umuvuduko w'amazi ku ngaruka
Amazi ahindagurika cyangwa adahindagurika bitewe n’amazi mabi, ahinduka cyane mu buryo butunguranye. Imikoreshereze y’amazi mu mijyi no guhindura ingano y’amazi yo mu kirere bizagira ingaruka ku mazi yinjira mu ruganda, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’amazi menshi mu mpeshyi, ibyo bigatuma amazi yinjira mu ruganda ahinduka cyane, bigatuma habaho gukosora kenshi ingano y’imiti. Kandi ingaruka z’amazi nyuma yo kurohama ntabwo ari nziza cyane. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko iyi mpinduka idakomeza kwiyongera ku murongo. Nyuma y’ibyo, witondere kureba alum mu kigega cy’ingufu, kugira ngo utangiza ingaruka zo gufungana bitewe n’ingano nyinshi.
6. Flocculantingamba zo kuzigama
Uretse ibyo bintu byavuzwe haruguru, hari n'ingamba zimwe na zimwe zo kugabanya imiti, nko kongera inshuro zo kuvanga mu kidendezi cy'amazi, kugabanya imvura y'utunyangingo tw'umuti, gutuma umuti uhagarara neza, no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'umuti.
Niba polyacrylamide ishaka kuzigama ikiguzi cyo kuyikoresha, ni ngombwa guhitamo icyitegererezo gikwiye. Ihame ni uguhitamo polyacrylamide ifite ingaruka nziza zo kuyivura, ihenze si ngombwa ko iba ari yo nziza, kandi ntugerageze kureka ngo igutere ingaruka mbi zo kuyivura amazi yanduye, ahubwo yongera ikiguzi. Hitamo icyitegererezo kitagabanya gusa ubushuhe bw'amazi yanduye, ahubwo kinagabanya ingano y'ikimenyetso cy'imashini. Kora igerageza ryo gukurura amazi ku bipimo byatanzwe by'imiti, hitamo ubwoko bubiri cyangwa butatu bw'imiti ifite ingaruka nziza zo kuyigerageza, hanyuma ukore igerageza ryakozwe ku mashini kugira ngo urebe ingaruka za nyuma z'icyondo no kumenya ubwoko bwa nyuma bw'imiti.
Muri rusange, Polyacrylamide ni uduce duto cyane. Igomba gutegurwa mu buryo bw'amazi bufite ubushobozi bwo gushonga. Ubusanzwe ingano yayo iri hagati ya 0.1% na 0.3%. Iyo ivanze cyane cyangwa ito cyane bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka, igapfusha ubusa umuti, ikongera ikiguzi, kandi igashongesha polymerization y'ibice. Amazi y'ikintu agomba kuba asukuye (nk'amazi yo mu robine), ntabwo ari amazi y'umwanda. Amazi ari ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba arahagije, muri rusange nta gushyushya bikenewe. Iyo ubushyuhe bw'amazi buri munsi ya 5 °C, gushonga biratinda cyane, kandi umuvuduko wo gushonga wihuta iyo ubushyuhe bw'amazi bwiyongera. Ariko hejuru ya 40 °C bizihutisha kwangirika kwa polymer kandi bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo kuyikoresha. Muri rusange, amazi yo mu robine akwiriye gutegura ibisubizo bya polymer. Aside ikomeye, alkali ikomeye, amazi y'umunyu mwinshi ntabwo akwiriye gutegurwa.
Witondere igihe cyo gushya mu gutegura umuti, kugira ngo umuti ubashe gushonga neza mu mazi kandi ntuvange, bitabaye ibyo ntibizatera imyanda gusa, ahubwo binagire ingaruka ku ngaruka zo gukora ibyondo. Igitambaro cyo kuyungurura n'imiyoboro nabyo bishobora kuziba, bigatera imyanda isubiramo. Iyo bimaze gukorwamo umuti, igihe cyo kubika kiba gito. Muri rusange, iyo ingano y'umuti ari 0.1%, umuti wa polymer utari anionic ntugomba kurenza icyumweru kimwe, kandi umuti wa polymer wa cationic ntugomba kurenza umunsi umwe.
Nyuma yo gutegura umuti, mu gihe cyo kuwutanga, witondere impinduka mu bwiza bw'icyondo n'ingaruka zacyo, kandi uhindure ingano y'uwo muti ku gihe kugira ngo ugere ku gipimo cyiza cyo kuwutanga.
Umuti ugomba kubikwa mu bubiko bwumye, kandi agafuka k'imiti kagomba gufungwa. Mu gihe ukoresha, koresha uko ushoboye kose, kandi ufunge umuti utarakoreshejwe kugira ngo wirinde ubushuhe. Mu gihe utegura imiti, ugomba kwitonda ntushyireho byinshi bishoboka, kandi ibinyobwa bimaze igihe kinini bishyirwamo amazi byoroshye kandi ntibishobora kongera gukoreshwa.
Ibikoresho bikozwe neza, abakozi b’inzobere mu kwinjiza amafaranga, na serivisi nziza nyuma yo kugurisha; Turi umuryango ukomeye kandi wunze ubumwe, umuntu wese uguma mu kigo akwiye guha agaciro "ubumwe, ubushake, kwihanganirana" kuri Quotes kuriPolyacrylamideFlocculamide Anionic Cationic Nonionic Water Treatment Polyacrylamide, Twakiranye urugwiro inshuti zo mu ngeri zose z'ubuzima bwa buri munsi kugira ngo duhige ubufatanye no kubaka ejo hazaza heza kandi heza. "polyelectrolyte"
Ibiciro byo gutunganya amazi yanduye n'ibinyabutabire mu Bushinwa, Dufite imbaraga nyinshi n'inguzanyo yizewe, twagiye hano kugira ngo dukorere abakiriya bacu dutanga serivisi nziza kandi nziza, kandi twishimiye cyane inkunga yanyu. Tugiye kwihatira kugumana izina ryiza nk'umucuruzi w'ibicuruzwa mwiza ku isi. Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa igitekerezo, ugombaTwandikiremu bwisanzure.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-04-2022