Ikiganiro cya mbere - Super Absorbent Polymer

Reka menyeshe SAP ushishikajwe cyane vuba aha! Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) ni ubwoko bushya bwibikoresho bya polymer. Ifite ibikorwa byinshi byo kwinjiza amazi bikurura amazi inshuro magana kugeza ku bihumbi biremereye kuruta ubwayo, kandi ifite imikorere myiza yo gufata amazi. Iyo imaze gukuramo amazi ikabyimba muri hydrogel, biragoye gutandukanya amazi niyo yaba afite igitutu. Kubwibyo, ifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha mubice bitandukanye nkibicuruzwa by isuku yumuntu ku giti cye, umusaruro w’inganda n’ubuhinzi, hamwe n’ubwubatsi.

Amashanyarazi meza cyane ni ubwoko bwa macromolecules irimo amatsinda ya hydrophilique hamwe nuburyo buhujwe. Yabanje gukorwa na Fanta nabandi mugushiraho ibinyamisogwe hamwe na polyacrylonitrile hanyuma saponifying. Ukurikije ibikoresho fatizo, hariho urukurikirane rwa krahisi (yashizwemo, carboxymethylated, nibindi), urukurikirane rwa selile (carboxymethylated, grafted, nibindi), urukurikirane rwa polymer syntique (acide polyacrylic, alcool polyvinyl, polyoxy Ethylene, nibindi) mubyiciro byinshi . Ugereranije na krahisi na selile, aside polyacrylic aside superabsorbent resin ifite urukurikirane rwibyiza nkibiciro byumusaruro muke, inzira yoroshye, umusaruro mwinshi, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwinjiza amazi, hamwe nubuzima buramba. Byahindutse ubushakashatsi bwibanze muri uru rwego.

Ni irihe hame ry'iki gicuruzwa? Kugeza ubu, aside aside yitwa polyacrylic ihwanye na 80% by’umusaruro ukabije w’isi ku isi. Ibisumizi birenze urugero ni polymer electrolyte irimo hydrophilique groupe hamwe nuburyo buhuza. Mbere yo gukuramo amazi, iminyururu ya polymer yegeranye kandi igahuzwa hamwe, igahuzwa kugirango igire imiterere y'urusobe, kugirango igere kuri rusange. Iyo ihuye namazi, molekile zamazi zinjira mubisumizi binyuze mumikorere ya capillary no gukwirakwizwa, kandi amatsinda ya ionized kumurongo ari ioni mumazi. Bitewe no kwanga electrostatike hagati ya ion imwe kumurongo, urunigi rwa polymer rurarambura. Bitewe nibisabwa kutabogama kwamashanyarazi, konte ion ntishobora kwimukira hanze yikibabi, kandi itandukaniro ryokwirundanya kwa ion hagati yumuti imbere no hanze yacyo bigira umuvuduko ukabije wa osmotic. Mubikorwa byumuvuduko ukabije wa osmose, amazi arongera yinjira mubutaka kugirango akore hydrogel. Muri icyo gihe, imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro hamwe na hydrogène ihuza resin ubwayo igabanya kwaguka kutagira umupaka wa gel. Iyo amazi arimo umunyu muke, umuvuduko wa osmotic uhinduka uzagabanuka, kandi mugihe kimwe, kubera ingaruka zo gukingira ion ion, urunigi rwa polymer ruzagabanuka, bigatuma igabanuka ryinshi ryubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi ya resin. Mubisanzwe, ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi ya super absorbent resin ya 0.9% yumuti wa NaCl ni hafi 1/10 cyamazi yimana. Kwinjiza amazi no gufata amazi ni ibintu bibiri byikibazo kimwe. Lin Runxiong n'abandi. babiganiriyeho muri thermodynamic. Mugihe cy'ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko runaka, resin ya super absorbent irashobora gukurura amazi ubwayo, hanyuma amazi akinjira muri resin, bikagabanya ubushake bwubusa bwa sisitemu yose kugeza igeze kuburinganire. Niba amazi ahunze ibisigara, byongera ubushake bwubusa, ntabwo bifasha umutekano muke. Isesengura ritandukanye ry’ubushyuhe ryerekana ko 50% byamazi yakiriwe na resin ya super absorbent ikiri mu muyoboro wa gel uri hejuru ya 150 ° C. Kubwibyo, niyo igitutu cyashyizwe mubushyuhe busanzwe, amazi ntashobora guhunga resin ya super absorbent resin, igenwa nubushyuhe bwa termodinamike ya resin ya super absorbent resin.

Igihe gikurikira, tel intego yihariye ya SAP.