Reka mbagezeho SAP muherutse gushishikazwa nayo! Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) ni ubwoko bushya bw'ibikoresho bya polymeri bikora neza. Ifite imikorere yo kwinjiza amazi menshi ikayakura inshuro ijana kugeza ku bihumbi kurusha yo ubwayo, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kubika amazi neza. Iyo imaze kwinjiza amazi ikabyimba ikaba hydrogel, biragoye gutandukanya amazi nubwo yaba afite igitutu. Kubwibyo, ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyikoresha mu nzego zitandukanye nko mu isuku y'umubiri, mu nganda no mu buhinzi, no mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ubwubatsi.
Resine ifata umwuka mwinshi ni ubwoko bwa macromolecules irimo amatsinda y’amazi n’imiterere yayo ifatanye. Yabanje gukorwa na Fanta n’abandi binyuze mu gutera starch na polyacrylonitrile hanyuma ikaza saponifying. Dukurikije ibikoresho fatizo, hari starch series (yashyizwemo, carboxymethylated, nibindi), cellulose series (carboxymethylated, grafted, nibindi), synthetic polymer series (aside polyacrylic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxy Ethylene series, nibindi) mu byiciro bitandukanye. Ugereranyije na starch na cellulose, polyacrylic acid superabsorbent resin ifite urukurikirane rw'ibyiza nko kugabanuka k'umusaruro, uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora, imikorere myiza, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwinjiza amazi, no kumara igihe kirekire ibicuruzwa bimara. Yabaye ahantu hakunze kugaragara ubushakashatsi muri uru rwego.
Ihame ry'iki gicuruzwa ni irihe? Muri iki gihe, aside polyacrylic igize 80% by'umusaruro wa resin ifata amazi cyane ku isi. Resin ifata amazi cyane muri rusange ni electrolyte ya polymer irimo itsinda rikunda amazi n'imiterere ifatanye. Mbere yo kwinjiza amazi, iminyururu ya polymer iba yegeranye kandi ifatanye, ifatanye kugira ngo ikore imiterere y'urusobe rw'amazi, kugira ngo igere ku gufatana kose. Iyo ihuye n'amazi, molekile z'amazi zinjira muri resin binyuze mu gikorwa cya capillary no gukwirakwira, kandi amatsinda ya ionized ku munyururu ashyirwa muri iyoni mu mazi. Bitewe no guhumeka kwa electrostatic hagati ya iyoni zimwe ku munyururu, umunyururu wa polymer urakura kandi ukabyimba. Bitewe n'ibisabwa byo kutagira aho ubogamiye mu by'amashanyarazi, iyoni zifata ntizishobora kwimukira hanze ya resin, kandi itandukaniro ry'ingano ya iyoni hagati y'umuti imbere n'inyuma ya resin rikora umuvuduko wa osmotic usubira inyuma. Mu gihe cy'umuvuduko wa osmosis usubira inyuma, amazi yinjira cyane muri resin kugira ngo akore hydrogel. Muri icyo gihe, imiterere y’urusobe rw’amazi hamwe n’ingufu za hydrogen za resin ubwayo bigabanya kwaguka kutagira umupaka kwa gel. Iyo amazi arimo umunyu muto, igitutu cya osmotic gisubira inyuma kiragabanuka, kandi icyarimwe, bitewe n’ingaruka zo kurinda iyoni, urunigi rwa polymer ruzagabanuka, bigatuma ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi bwa resin bugabanuka cyane. Muri rusange, ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi bwa resin ifata amazi menshi mu gisubizo cya NaCl cya 0.9% ni hafi 1/10 cy’amazi ya deionized. Kwinjiza amazi no kubika amazi ni ibintu bibiri by’ikibazo kimwe. Lin Runxiong n’abandi babivuzeho muri thermodynamics. Mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe n’umuvuduko runaka, resin ifata amazi menshi ishobora kwinjiza amazi mu buryo butunguranye, maze amazi yinjira muri resin, bigabanura enthalpy y’ubuntu y’uburyo bwose kugeza igeze ku buringanire. Iyo amazi asohotse muri resin, yongera enthalpy y’ubuntu, ntabwo ituma sisitemu iguma neza. Isesengura ry’ubushyuhe butandukanye ryerekana ko 50% by’amazi yinjizwa na resin ifata amazi menshi cyane aba agifungiye mu muyoboro wa gel uri hejuru ya 150°C. Kubwibyo, nubwo igitutu cyashyirwa ku bushyuhe busanzwe, amazi ntazava muri resin ifata amazi menshi cyane, ibi bikaba bigenwa n’imiterere ya thermodynamic ya resin ifata amazi menshi cyane.
Ubutaha, hamagara intego yihariye ya SAP.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-08-2021