Amazi y’inganda zikora imiti arimo amazi yangiza antibiotique n’amazi yangiza imiti.Amazi y’inganda zikoreshwa mu bya farumasi akubiyemo ibyiciro bine: amazi y’umwanda wa antibiyotike, amazi y’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, amazi y’imyanda y’ubuvuzi bw’ipatanti y’Ubushinwa, gukaraba amazi no koza amazi mabi mu buryo butandukanye bwo gutegura.Amazi mabi arangwa nibintu bigoye, ibinyabuzima byinshi, uburozi bwinshi, ibara ryimbitse, umunyu mwinshi, cyane cyane imiterere mibi ya biohimiki no gusohora rimwe na rimwe.Namazi mabi yinganda bigoye kuyatunganya.Iterambere ry’inganda z’imiti mu gihugu cyanjye, amazi y’imyanda y’imiti yagiye ahinduka imwe mu nkomoko y’umwanda.
1. Uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi mabi yimiti
Uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi mabi yimiti arashobora kuvunagurwa muburyo bukurikira: kuvura imiti yumubiri, kuvura imiti, kuvura ibinyabuzima no kuvura uburyo butandukanye, buri buryo bwo kuvura bufite ibyiza nibibi.
Kuvura umubiri na chimique
Ukurikije ubuziranenge bw’amazi aranga amazi y’imyanda, ubuvuzi bwa fiziki bugomba gukoreshwa nkibikorwa mbere yo kuvurwa cyangwa nyuma yo kuvurwa kugirango bivure ibinyabuzima.Ubu buryo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kuvura kumubiri nubumashini burimo cyane cyane coagulation, flotation yumwuka, adsorption, gukuramo ammonia, electrolysis, guhana ion no gutandukanya membrane.
coagulation
Iri koranabuhanga nuburyo bwo gutunganya amazi bukoreshwa cyane mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga.Ikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya mbere yo gutunganya no gutunganya amazi mabi yubuvuzi, nka aluminium sulfate na sulfate ya poliferique mumazi gakondo yubushinwa.Urufunguzo rwo kuvura neza coagulation nuguhitamo neza no kongeramo coagulants hamwe nibikorwa byiza.Mu myaka ya vuba aha, icyerekezo cyiterambere cya coagulants cyahindutse kiva kuri molekile nkeya kijya hejuru ya polimeri nyinshi, no kuva mubice bimwe bihindura imikorere [3].Liu Minghua n'abandi.4Igipimo cyo gukuraho cyari 69.7%, 96.4% na 87.5%.
ikirere
Ikirere cyo mu kirere gikubiyemo uburyo butandukanye nko guhinduranya ikirere, guhinduranya ikirere, gushiramo umwuka, hamwe na electrolytike yo mu kirere.Uruganda rwa farumasi rwa Xinchang rukoresha ibikoresho bya CAF vortex bihinduranya amazi kugirango yanduze amazi yimiti.Ikigereranyo cyo gukuraho COD ni 25% hamwe nimiti ikwiye.
uburyo bwa adsorption
Amashanyarazi akoreshwa cyane ni karubone ikora, amakara akora, acide humic, resorption resin, nibindi. Uruganda rwa farumasi rwa Wuhan Jianmin rukoresha ivu ryamakara ya adsorption - uburyo bwa kabiri bwo gutunganya ibinyabuzima bya aerobic mu gutunganya amazi mabi.Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko igipimo cyo gukuraho COD cyo kwitegura adsorption cyari 41.1%, naho igipimo cya BOD5 / COD cyaratejwe imbere.
Gutandukana kwa Membrane
Tekinoroji ya Membrane ikubiyemo osmose revers, nanofiltration na fibre membrane kugirango igarure ibikoresho byingirakamaro kandi bigabanye ibyuka bihumanya muri rusange.Ibintu nyamukuru biranga iri koranabuhanga nibikoresho byoroshye, imikorere yoroshye, nta gihinduka cyicyiciro nimpinduka za chimique, gutunganya neza no kuzigama ingufu.Juanna n'abandi.yakoresheje nanofiltration membrane gutandukanya amazi ya cinnamycine.Byagaragaye ko ingaruka zo kubuza lincomycine kuri mikorobe mu mazi y’amazi yagabanutse, kandi cinnamycine yagaruwe.
amashanyarazi
Uburyo bufite ibyiza byo gukora neza, imikorere yoroshye nibindi bisa, kandi ingaruka ya electrolytike decolorisation nibyiza.Li Ying [8] yakoze progaramu ya electrolytike kuri supernatant ya riboflavin, kandi igipimo cyo gukuraho COD, SS na chroma cyageze kuri 71%, 83% na 67%.
kuvura imiti
Iyo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa chimique, gukoresha cyane reagent zimwe na zimwe bishobora gutera umwanda wa kabiri w’amazi.Kubwibyo, imirimo yubushakashatsi bujyanye nubushakashatsi igomba gukorwa mbere yo gushushanya.Uburyo bwa chimique burimo uburyo bwa fer-karubone, uburyo bwa redox chimique (Fenton reagent, H2O2, O3), tekinoroji ya okiside yimbitse, nibindi.
Uburyo bwa karubone
Igikorwa cyinganda cyerekana ko gukoresha Fe-C nkintambwe yo kwitegura amazi yanduye ya farumasi bishobora guteza imbere cyane ibinyabuzima byangiza imyanda.Lou Maoxing akoresha ibyuma-micro-electrolysis-anaerobic-aerobic-air flotation hamwe no kuvura amazi mabi yimiti yimiti nka erythromycine na ciprofloxacin.Igipimo cyo gukuraho COD nyuma yo kuvurwa nicyuma na karubone cyari 20%.%, kandi imyanda ya nyuma yujuje ubuziranenge bwicyiciro cya mbere cyigihugu cya "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" (GB8978-1996).
Gutunganya kwa Fenton
Gukomatanya umunyu mwinshi hamwe na H2O2 byitwa reagent ya Fenton, bishobora gukuraho neza ibinyabuzima byangiritse bidashobora gukurwaho nubuhanga gakondo bwo gutunganya amazi mabi.Hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, urumuri ultraviolet (UV), oxalate (C2O42-), nibindi byinjijwe muri reagent ya Fenton, byongera imbaraga za okiside.Gukoresha TiO2 nka catalizator hamwe na 9W itara rya mercure yumuvuduko ukabije nkisoko yumucyo, amazi mabi yimiti yatunganijwe na reagent ya Fenton, igipimo cya decolorisation cyari 100%, igipimo cya COD cyo gukuramo cyari 92.3%, naho nitrobenzene yagabanutse kuva 8.05mg / L.0.41 mg / L.
Oxidation
Uburyo bushobora guteza imbere ibinyabuzima byangiza amazi kandi bifite igipimo cyiza cyo gukuraho COD.Kurugero, amazi atatu ya antibiotique nka Balcioglu yavuwe na okiside ya ozone.Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko ozonation y’amazi y’amazi atongereye gusa igipimo cya BOD5 / COD, ariko kandi n’ikurwaho rya COD ryari hejuru ya 75%.
Tekinoroji ya Oxidation
Bizwi kandi nka tekinoroji ya okiside yateye imbere, ihuza ibisubizo byubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa ku mucyo ugezweho, amashanyarazi, amajwi, magnetisme, ibikoresho n’ubundi buryo busa, harimo okiside y’amashanyarazi, okiside itose, okiside y’amazi arenze urugero, okiside ya fotokatike hamwe na degrasation ya ultrasonic.Muri byo, tekinoroji ya ultraviolet Photocatalytic oxydeation ifite ibyiza byo guhanga udushya, gukora neza, kandi nta guhitamo amazi mabi, kandi birakwiriye cyane cyane kwangirika kwa hydrocarbone idahagije.Ugereranije nuburyo bwo kuvura nkimirasire ya ultraviolet, gushyushya, nigitutu, kuvura ultrasonic yibintu kama nibisanzwe kandi bisaba ibikoresho bike.Nubwoko bushya bwo kuvura, harebwe byinshi kandi byinshi.Xiao Guangquan n'abandi.[13] yakoresheje uburyo bwo guhuza ibinyabuzima bya ultrasonic-aerobic mu kuvura amazi mabi ya farumasi.Ubuvuzi bwa Ultrasonic bwakorewe kuri 60 s kandi ingufu zari 200 w, naho igipimo cya COD cyo gukuraho amazi mabi cyari 96%.
Kuvura ibinyabuzima
Ubuhanga bwo gutunganya ibinyabuzima ni tekinoroji ikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya imiti y’amazi, harimo uburyo bw’ibinyabuzima bwo mu kirere, uburyo bwa biologiya ya anaerobic, hamwe n’uburyo bwa aerobic-anaerobic.
Kuvura ibinyabuzima byo mu kirere
Kubera ko amazi menshi yimiti ya farumasi ari amazi menshi y’amazi menshi, birakenewe muri rusange kugabanya igisubizo cyibigega mugihe cyo kuvura ibinyabuzima byo mu kirere.Kubwibyo, gukoresha ingufu nini, amazi yanduye arashobora gutunganywa mubinyabuzima, kandi biragoye gusohora kugeza kurwego rusanzwe nyuma yo kuvura ibinyabuzima.Kubwibyo, gukoresha indege wenyine.Hano hari imiti mike irahari kandi kwitegura muri rusange birakenewe.Uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kuvura ibinyabuzima bya aerobic burimo uburyo bukoreshwa bwa sludge, uburyo bwimbitse bwogukoresha neza, uburyo bwa adsorption biodegradation (AB uburyo), uburyo bwo guhuza okiside, uburyo bwo gutondekanya ibyiciro byakoreshejwe uburyo bwa sludge (uburyo bwa SBR), kuzenguruka uburyo bukoreshwa bwa siliveri, nibindi.(Uburyo bwa CASS) nibindi.
Uburyo bwimbitse
Byimbitse neza aeration ni umuvuduko mwinshi ukora sisitemu.Uburyo bufite igipimo kinini cyo gukoresha ogisijeni, umwanya muto, ingaruka nziza zo kuvura, ishoramari rito, igiciro gito cyo gukora, nta kumena ibicuruzwa byinshi no gutanga umusaruro muke.Byongeye kandi, ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwumuriro nibyiza, kandi kuvura ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumiterere yikirere, ibyo bikaba bishobora kwemeza ingaruka zo gutunganya imyanda yimvura mu turere two mumajyaruguru.Nyuma y’amazi menshi y’amazi ava mu ruganda rwa farumasi y’amajyaruguru y’iburasirazuba yatunganijwe mu buryo bwa biohimiki n’ikigega cyimbitse cy’amazi, igipimo cyo gukuraho COD cyageze kuri 92.7%.Birashobora kugaragara ko gutunganya neza biri hejuru cyane, bifitiye akamaro kanini gutunganya.Gira uruhare rukomeye.
Uburyo bwa AB
Uburyo bwa AB nuburyo bukabije-buremereye bwimikorere ya sludge.Igipimo cyo kuvanaho BOD5, COD, SS, fosifore na azote ya ammonia byakozwe na AB muri rusange birarenze ibyo bisanzwe bikora.Ibyiza byayo byiza ni umutwaro muremure wa A igice, imbaraga zikomeye zo kurwanya anti-shock, hamwe ningaruka nini yo kugabanuka ku gaciro ka pH nibintu byuburozi.Birakwiriye cyane cyane gutunganya imyanda hamwe nubunini bwinshi hamwe nimpinduka nini mubwiza bwamazi nubwinshi.Uburyo bwa Yang Junshi n'abandi.ikoresha hydrolysis acide-AB uburyo bwa biologiya mu kuvura amazi mabi ya antibiotique, ifite inzira ngufi, kuzigama ingufu, kandi ikiguzi cyo kuvura kiri munsi yuburyo bwa chimique flocculation-biologiya yo gutunganya amazi mabi asa.
guhuza ibinyabuzima
Iri koranabuhanga rihuza ibyiza byuburyo bukoreshwa bwa sludge nuburyo bwa biofilm, kandi bufite ibyiza byumutwaro mwinshi, umusaruro muke muto, kurwanya ingaruka zikomeye, imikorere ihamye hamwe nubuyobozi bworoshye.Imishinga myinshi ikoresha uburyo bwibyiciro bibiri, igamije kwigana imiterere yiganje mubyiciro bitandukanye, itanga uruhare runini mubikorwa byo guhuza imbaraga hagati yabaturage ba mikorobe zitandukanye, no kunoza ingaruka za biohimiki no kurwanya ihungabana.Muri injeniyeri, igogorwa rya anaerobic na acide akenshi bikoreshwa nkintambwe yo kwitegura, kandi uburyo bwo guhuza okiside ikoreshwa mugutunganya amazi mabi yimiti.Uruganda rwa farumasi ya Harbin rugana aside hydrolysis-ibyiciro bibiri byoguhuza ibinyabuzima byo kuvura amazi mabi yimiti.Ibisubizo by'ibikorwa byerekana ko ingaruka zo kuvura zihamye kandi guhuza inzira birumvikana.Hamwe no gukura buhoro buhoro tekinoroji yubuhanga, imirima yo gusaba nayo iragutse.
Uburyo bwa SBR
Uburyo bwa SBR bufite ibyiza byo kwihanganira imitwaro ikomeye, ibikorwa byinshi byo kumeneka, imiterere yoroshye, ntagikeneye gusubira inyuma, gukora byoroshye, gukora ibirenge bito, ishoramari rito, imikorere ihamye, igipimo cyo gukuraho substrate, hamwe no gukuraho neza no gukuraho fosifore..Guhindura amazi mabi.Ubushakashatsi bujyanye no gutunganya amazi mabi yimiti hakoreshejwe inzira ya SBR yerekana ko igihe cyo kuguruka kigira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo gutunganya inzira;gushiraho ibice bya anoxic, cyane cyane igishushanyo mbonera cya anaerobic na aerobic, birashobora kunoza cyane ingaruka zo kuvura;SBR yongerewe ubuvuzi bwa PAC Inzira irashobora kunoza cyane ingaruka zo gukuraho sisitemu.Mu myaka yashize, inzira yarushijeho kuba nziza kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya amazi mabi yimiti.
Ubuvuzi bwa Anaerobic
Kugeza ubu, gutunganya amazi mabi y’ibanze cyane mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga bishingiye ahanini ku buryo bwa anaerobic, ariko COD isohoka iracyari hejuru cyane nyuma yo kuvurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye bwa anaerobic, kandi nyuma yo kuvurwa (nko kuvura ibinyabuzima byo mu kirere) muri rusange bisabwa.Kugeza ubu, biracyakenewe gushimangira Iterambere no gushushanya imikorere ya anaerobic ikora neza, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku mikorere.Porogaramu zatsinzwe cyane mu gutunganya amazi y’amazi ni Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Uburiri (UASB), Uburiri bwa Anaerobic Composite (UBF), Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR), hydrolysis, nibindi.
Amategeko ya UASB
Imashini ya UASB ifite ibyiza byo gukora igogorwa ryinshi rya anaerobic, imiterere yoroshye, igihe gito cyo kugumana hydraulic, kandi ntikeneye igikoresho cyihariye cyo kugaruka.Iyo UASB ikoreshwa mugutunganya kanamycin, chlorine, VC, SD, glucose nandi mazi y’imyanda itanga imiti, mubisanzwe SS ntabwo iba hejuru cyane kugirango harebwe ko igipimo cyo gukuraho COD kiri hejuru ya 85% kugeza 90%.Igipimo cyo gukuraho COD cyibice bibiri byuruhererekane UASB irashobora kugera kuri 90%.
Uburyo bwa UBF
Gura Wenning n'abandi.Ikigereranyo cyo kugereranya cyakorewe kuri UASB na UBF.Ibisubizo byerekana ko UBF ifite ibiranga ingaruka nziza zo kwimura no gutandukana, ibinyabuzima bitandukanye n’ibinyabuzima, gutunganya neza, hamwe n’imikorere ihamye.Oxygene bioreactor.
Hydrolysis na aside
Ikigega cya hydrolysis cyitwa Hydrolyzed Upstream Sludge Uburiri (HUSB) kandi ni UASB yahinduwe.Ugereranije na tanki yuzuye ya anaerobic, ikigega cya hydrolysis gifite ibyiza bikurikira: nta mpamvu yo gufunga, nta gukurura, nta gutandukanya ibyiciro bitatu, bigabanya ibiciro kandi byoroshya kubungabunga;irashobora gutesha agaciro macromolecules hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bidashobora kwangirika mu mwanda muri molekile nto.Ibinyabuzima byoroshye bishobora kwangirika byongera ibinyabuzima byamazi meza;reaction irihuta, ingano ya tank ni nto, ishoramari ryubwubatsi ni rito, kandi ingano iragabanuka.Mu myaka yashize, inzira ya hydrolysis-aerobic yakoreshejwe cyane mu gutunganya amazi mabi ya farumasi.Kurugero, uruganda rwa biofarmaceutical rukoresha hydrolytike acide-ibyiciro bibiri byoguhuza ibinyabuzima uburyo bwo kuvura amazi mabi yimiti.Igikorwa kirahamye kandi ingaruka zo gukuraho ibintu kama kiratangaje.Igipimo cyo gukuraho COD, BOD5 SS na SS cyari 90.7%, 92.4% na 87,6%.
Anaerobic-aerobic uburyo bwo kuvura
Kubera ko kuvura aerobic cyangwa kuvura anaerobic byonyine bidashobora kuzuza ibisabwa, inzira zihuriweho nka anaerobic-aerobic, hydrolytic aside aside-aerobic ivura biodegradabilite, kurwanya ingaruka, igiciro cyishoramari ningaruka zo gutunganya amazi mabi.Irakoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byubuhanga kubera imikorere yuburyo bumwe bwo gutunganya.Kurugero, uruganda rukora imiti rukoresha inzira ya anaerobic-aerobic mugutunganya amazi mabi yimiti, igipimo cyo gukuraho BOD5 ni 98%, igipimo cyo gukuraho COD ni 95%, kandi ingaruka zo kuvura zirahagaze.Micro-electrolysis-anaerobic hydrolysis-acide-SBR ikoreshwa mugutunganya imiti yanduye ya farumasi yimiti.Ibisubizo byerekana ko urukurikirane rwibikorwa byose bigira ingaruka zikomeye zo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’amazi y’amazi n’ubwinshi, kandi igipimo cyo gukuraho COD gishobora kugera kuri 86% kugeza kuri 92%, ibyo bikaba ari inzira nziza yo gutunganya amazi y’amazi y’imiti.- Oxidation ya Catalitike - Gahunda ya Oxidation.Iyo COD yuwanduye ari hafi 12 000 mg / L, COD yimyanda iri munsi ya 300 mg / L;igipimo cyo kuvanaho COD mumazi yimiti yangiza imiti ikoreshwa nubuvuzi bwa biofilm-SBR irashobora kugera kuri 87.5% ~ 98.31%, ibyo bikaba birenze cyane ibyo gukoresha inshuro imwe Uburyo bwo kuvura uburyo bwa biofilm nuburyo bwa SBR.
Byongeye kandi, hamwe niterambere rikomeje ryiterambere rya tekinoroji ya membrane, ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe mubikorwa bya membrane bioreactor (MBR) mugutunganya amazi mabi yimiti yagiye yiyongera buhoro buhoro.MBR ikomatanya ibiranga tekinoroji yo gutandukanya membrane no kuvura ibinyabuzima, kandi ifite ibyiza byo kwikorera amajwi menshi, kurwanya ingaruka zikomeye, ibirenge bito, hamwe no gusigara gake.Uburyo bwa anaerobic membrane bioreactor bwakoreshejwe mugutunganya imiti mvaruganda ya acide chloride ya chloride hamwe na COD ya 25 000 mg / L.Igipimo cyo gukuraho COD cya sisitemu gikomeza hejuru ya 90%.Ku nshuro yambere, ubushobozi bwa bagiteri butegetswe gutesha agaciro ibinyabuzima byihariye byakoreshejwe.Ibikomoka kuri membrane bioreactors bikoreshwa mugutunganya amazi mabi yinganda arimo 3,4-dichloroaniline.HRT yari 2 h, igipimo cyo kuyikuramo cyageze kuri 99%, kandi ingaruka nziza yo kuvura yabonetse.Nubwo ikibazo cya membrane kibi, hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji ya MBR, MBR izakoreshwa cyane mubijyanye no gutunganya amazi mabi yimiti.
2. Uburyo bwo gutunganya no gutoranya amazi mabi yimiti
Ibiranga ubwiza bw’amazi biranga amazi mabi yimiti bituma bidashoboka ko amazi menshi yimiti yimiti ashobora kwivuza wenyine, bityo rero kwitegura bigomba gukorwa mbere yo kuvura ibinyabuzima.Mubisanzwe, hagomba gushyirwaho ikigega kigenzura kugirango ihindure ubwiza bwamazi nagaciro ka pH, kandi uburyo bwa fiziki-chimique cyangwa chimique bugomba gukoreshwa nkigikorwa cyo kwisuzumisha ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze kugirango ugabanye SS, umunyu nigice cya COD mumazi, kugabanya ibintu bibuza ibinyabuzima mumazi y’amazi, no kunoza kwangirika kwamazi mabi.koroshya gutunganya ibinyabuzima nyuma yo gutunganya amazi mabi.
Amazi yanduye yateguwe arashobora gutunganywa nuburyo bwa anaerobic na aerobic ukurikije ubuziranenge bwamazi.Niba ibisabwa bisohoka ari byinshi, inzira yo kuvura indege igomba gukomeza nyuma yuburyo bwo kuvura indege.Guhitamo inzira yihariye bigomba gusuzuma byimazeyo ibintu nkimiterere y’amazi y’amazi, ingaruka zo gutunganya icyo gikorwa, ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo, n’imikorere no kuyitunganya kugira ngo ikoranabuhanga rishoboke kandi ryubukungu.Inzira yose yinzira ninzira ihuriweho yo kwitegura-anaerobic-aerobic- (nyuma yubuvuzi).Inzira ihuriweho na hydrolysis adsorption-ihuza okiside-iyungurura ikoreshwa mugutunganya amazi mabi yimiti arimo insuline yubukorikori.
3. Gutunganya no gukoresha ibintu byingirakamaro mumazi mabi yimiti
Guteza imbere umusaruro usukuye mu nganda zimiti, kuzamura igipimo cy’imikoreshereze y’ibikoresho fatizo, igipimo cyuzuye cyo kugarura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, no kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho umwanda mu musaruro binyuze mu guhindura ikoranabuhanga.Bitewe nuburyo bwihariye bwo gutunganya imiti, amazi mabi arimo ibintu byinshi byongera gukoreshwa.Kugirango utunganyirize amazi mabi yimiti, intambwe yambere ni ugushimangira kugarura ibikoresho no gukoresha neza.Ku mazi y’amazi hagati y’amazi arimo umunyu wa amonium kugeza kuri 5% kugeza 10%, firime ihanagura ikoreshwa muguhumeka, kwibanda hamwe na kristu kugirango ikire (NH4) 2SO4 na NH4NO3 hamwe nigice kinini cya 30%.Koresha nk'ifumbire cyangwa ukoreshe.Inyungu zubukungu ziragaragara;uruganda rukora imiti yubuhanga buhanitse rukoresha uburyo bwo gusukura kugirango rutunganyirize amazi y’amazi arimo ibintu byinshi bya fordehide.Gazi ya formaldehyde imaze kugarurwa, irashobora guhindurwamo reagent ya formine cyangwa igatwikwa nkisoko yubushyuhe.Binyuze mu kugarura fordehide, imikoreshereze irambye y’umutungo irashobora kugerwaho, kandi ikiguzi cy’ishoramari cy’ikigo nderabuzima gishobora kugarurwa mu myaka 4 kugeza kuri 5, hakamenyekana guhuza inyungu z’ibidukikije n’inyungu z’ubukungu.Nyamara, ibigize amazi mabi yimiti muri rusange biragoye, biragoye kubitunganya, inzira yo kugarura iragoye, kandi ikiguzi ni kinini.Kubwibyo, tekinoroji kandi yuzuye ikora neza yo gutunganya imyanda nurufunguzo rwo gukemura burundu ikibazo cyimyanda.
4 Umwanzuro
Habayeho raporo nyinshi zijyanye no gutunganya amazi mabi yimiti.Nyamara, bitewe nubwinshi bwibikoresho fatizo nibikorwa mubikorwa bya farumasi, ubwiza bwamazi yanduye buratandukanye cyane.Kubwibyo, nta buryo bwo kuvura bukuze kandi buhuriweho bwo gukoresha amazi mabi yimiti.Ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhitamo biterwa n'amazi mabi.kamere.Ukurikije ibiranga amazi y’amazi, muri rusange birasabwa kwitegura kugira ngo urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byangirika, ubanze ukureho umwanda, hanyuma uhuze no kuvura ibinyabuzima.Kugeza ubu, iterambere ryigikoresho cyubukungu kandi bunoze bwo gutunganya amazi nikibazo cyihutirwa gukemurwa.
UrugandaUbushinwaAnionic PAM Polyacrylamide Cationic Polymer Flocculant, Chitosan der Ifu ya Chitosan treatment kuvura amazi yo kunywa agent umutekamutwe wamazi ， dadmac ， diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride ， dicyandiamide ， dcda ， defoamer ， polyifum chlor polycum aluminum ide ， polydadmac D pdadmac ， polyamine ， Ntabwo dushikiriza gusa abaguzi bacu ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, ariko cyane cyane icyangombwa ni isoko ryacu rikomeye hamwe nigiciro cyo kugurisha gikaze.
Uruganda rwa ODM Ubushinwa PAM, Anionic Polyacrylamide, HPAM, PHPA, Isosiyete yacu ikora ihame ryibikorwa by "uburinganire bushingiye ku bufatanye, ubufatanye bwashyizweho, abantu berekeza, ubufatanye-bunguka".Turizera ko dushobora kugirana ubucuti numucuruzi uturutse impande zose zisi.
Bikuwe muri Baidu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-15-2022