Amazi yanduye yo mu nganda zikora imiti agizwe ahanini n'amazi yanduye akoreshwa mu gukora imiti irwanya udukoko n'amazi yanduye akoreshwa mu gukora imiti ikoreshwa mu nganda. Amazi yanduye yo mu nganda zikora imiti agizwe ahanini n'ibyiciro bine: amazi yanduye akoreshwa mu gukora imiti irwanya udukoko, amazi yanduye akoreshwa mu gukora imiti ikoreshwa mu nganda, amazi yanduye akoreshwa mu gukora imiti ikoreshwa mu nganda zikora imiti ikoreshwa mu nganda zikora imiti ikoreshwa mu nganda zikora imiti ikoreshwa mu nganda zikora imiti, amazi yanduye akoreshwa mu gukaraba no gukaraba amazi yanduye aturuka mu buryo butandukanye bwo kuyategura. Amazi yanduye arangwa n'imiterere igoye, imiterere myinshi y'ibinyabuzima, uburozi bwinshi, ibara ryinshi, umunyu mwinshi, cyane cyane imiterere mibi ya biochemical n'amazi asohoka rimwe na rimwe. Ni amazi yanduye yo mu nganda agoye kuyatunganya. Bitewe n'iterambere ry'inganda zikora imiti mu gihugu cyanjye, amazi yanduye akoreshwa mu nganda agenda aba imwe mu masoko y'ingenzi y'umwanda.
1. Uburyo bwo kuvura amazi yanduye yo mu miti
Uburyo bwo kuvura amazi yanduye mu miti bushobora kuvugwa muri ubu buryo bukurikira: kuvura amazi yanduye mu buryo bw'umubiri, kuvura imiti mu buryo bw'imiti, kuvura imiti mu buryo bwa biochemical no kuvura hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye, buri buryo bwo kuvura bufite ibyiza n'ibibi byabwo.
Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri n'imiti
Dukurikije imiterere y’amazi y’amazi yanduye mu miti, ubuvuzi bwa fizikikemike bugomba gukoreshwa mbere yo kuyavura cyangwa nyuma yo kuyavura mu kuvura imiti ya biochemical. Uburyo bukoreshwa ubu mu kuvura imiterere n’imiti burimo gufungana, gukurura umwuka, kuyungurura, gukuraho ammonia, electrolysis, guhinduranya iyoni no gutandukanya membrane.
gufungana kw'amaraso
Ubu buryo ni uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi bukoreshwa cyane mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Bukoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya no gutunganya amazi yanduye yo kwa muganga mbere yo kuyatunganya, nka aluminiyumu sulfate na polyferric sulfate mu mazi yanduye yo mu Bushinwa gakondo. Urufunguzo rwo kuvura neza amazi yanduye ni uguhitamo no kongeramo ayo mazi yanduye afite imikorere myiza. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, icyerekezo cy’iterambere ry’ayo mazi cyarahindutse kuva kuri molekile nkeya kugeza kuri molekile nyinshi, no kuva kuri molekile imwe kugeza kuri molekile nyinshi [3]. Liu Minghua n'abandi [4] bavuje COD, SS na chromaticity y’amazi yanduye bakoresheje pH ya 6.5 n’igipimo cya flocculant cya 300 mg/L bakoresheje flocculant F-1 ikora neza cyane. Igipimo cyo kuyakuraho cyari 69.7%, 96.4% na 87.5%, uko bikurikirana.
ikirere gitemba
Gutemba mu kirere muri rusange bikubiyemo imiterere itandukanye nko gutemba mu kirere, gutemba mu kirere, gutemba mu kirere hakoreshejwe imiti, no gutemba mu kirere hakoreshejwe electrolytic. Uruganda rwa Xinchang Pharmaceutical rukoresha igikoresho cya CAF vortex mu gutunganya amazi yanduye mu miti. Igipimo mpuzandengo cyo gukuramo COD ni hafi 25% hakoreshejwe imiti ikwiye.
uburyo bwo kunyuzamo
Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu kuyungurura ni karubone, amakara akoreshwa, aside humic, resin yo kuyungurura, nibindi. Wuhan Jianmin Pharmaceutical Factory ikoresha uburyo bwo kuyungurura ivu ry’amakara - uburyo bwa kabiri bwo kuvura amazi yanduye. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko igipimo cyo gukuraho COD mbere yo kuyungurura cyari 41.1%, kandi igipimo cya BOD5/COD cyariyongereye.
Gutandukanya uturemangingo
Ikoranabuhanga rya "membrane" ririmo "reverse osmosis", "nanofiltration" na "fibre membranes" kugira ngo hagarurwe ibikoresho by'ingirakamaro kandi bigabanye imyuka ihumanya ikirere muri rusange. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigize iri koranabuhanga ni ibikoresho byoroshye, imikorere yoroshye, nta mpinduka mu cyiciro n'impinduka mu bya shimi, imikorere myiza cyane no kuzigama ingufu. Juanna n'abandi bakoresheje "nanofiltration membranes" kugira ngo batandukanye amazi yanduye ya cinnamycin. Byagaragaye ko ingaruka zo gukumira lincomycin ku tunyangingo fatizo mu mazi yanduye zagabanutse, kandi cinnamycin yaragaruwe.
electrolysis
Ubu buryo bufite ibyiza byo gukora neza cyane, gukora byoroshye n'ibindi nk'ibyo, kandi ingaruka zo gukuraho ibara ry'amashanyarazi ni nziza. Li Ying [8] yakoze ubuvuzi bwa electrolytic kuri riboflavin supernatant mbere yo kuyivura, kandi igipimo cyo gukuraho COD, SS na chroma cyageze kuri 71%, 83% na 67%, uko bikurikirana.
kuvura hakoreshejwe imiti
Iyo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa shimi, gukoresha cyane ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutera umwanda w’amazi. Kubwibyo, ubushakashatsi bukenewe bugomba gukorwa mbere yo gushushanya. Uburyo bwa shimi burimo uburyo bwa feri-karubone, uburyo bwa shimi bwo kugarura umwuka (Fenton reagent, H2O2, O3), ikoranabuhanga rya oxidation yimbitse, nibindi.
Uburyo bwa carbon de fer
Ibikorwa by’inganda bigaragaza ko gukoresha Fe-C nk'intambwe yo kuvura amazi yanduye yo mu miti bishobora kongera cyane uburyo imyanda ibora. Lou Maoxing ikoresha icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi make, amashanyarazi adafite umwuka, amashanyarazi aturuka mu kirere, mu kuvura amazi yanduye yo mu bwoko bwa erythromycin na ciprofloxacin. Igipimo cyo gukuramo COD nyuma yo kuvurwa hakoreshejwe icyuma na karuboni cyari 20% %, kandi imyanda ya nyuma yujuje ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu bya “Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard” (GB8978-1996).
Gutunganya reagent ya Fenton
Uruvange rw'umunyu wa ferrous na H2O2 rwitwa Fenton's reagent, ishobora gukuraho neza ibintu bidashobora gukurwaho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ryo gutunganya amazi yanduye. Ubwo ubushakashatsi bwakomeje kwiyongera, urumuri rwa ultraviolet (UV), oxalate (C2O42-), n'ibindi byashyizwe muri Fenton's reagent, byongereye cyane ubushobozi bwo gusiga. Hakoreshejwe TiO2 nk'imashini itera imbaraga n'itara rya mercure rikoresha umuvuduko muto wa 9W nk'isoko y'urumuri, amazi yanduye yo mu miti yatunganyijwe na Fenton's reagent, igipimo cyo guhindura ibara cyari 100%, igipimo cyo gukuraho COD cyari 92.3%, naho nitrobenzene yagabanutse kuva kuri 8.05mg/L. 0.41 mg/L.
Gusukura
Ubu buryo bushobora kunoza uburyo amazi yanduye abora kandi bufite igipimo cyiza cyo gukuraho COD. Urugero, amazi atatu yanduye nka Balcioglu yavuwe hakoreshejwe okiside ya ozone. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko ozonation y'amazi yanduye itakongera gusa igipimo cya BOD5/COD, ahubwo n'igipimo cyo gukuraho COD cyari hejuru ya 75%.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga ogisijeni
Izwi kandi nk'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kuvura, ihuza ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bugezweho bw'urumuri rwa none, amashanyarazi, amajwi, rukuruzi, ibikoresho n'ibindi bisa nabyo, birimo kuvura hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi, kuvura amazi menshi, kuvura amazi menshi cyane, kuvura amazi menshi cyane, no kuvura amazi menshi. Muri byo, ikoranabuhanga ryo kuvura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya ultraviolet photocatalytic rifite ibyiza byo kuba ibishya, gukora neza cyane, kandi nta guhitamo amazi mabi, kandi rikwiriye cyane cyane kwangirika kwa hydrocarbons zitaruzura. Ugereranyije n'uburyo bwo kuvura nk'imirasire ya ultraviolet, gushyushya, n'umuvuduko, kuvura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya ultraviolet ku bintu binyabuzima ni ibintu bitaziguye kandi bisaba ibikoresho bike. Nk'ubwoko bushya bwo kuvura, hibandwa cyane. Xiao Guangquan n'abandi [13] bakoresheje uburyo bwa ultrasonic-aerobic biological contact mu kuvura amazi mabi ya farumasi. Kuvura hakoreshejwe ultrasound byakozwe mu gihe cy'amasegonda 60 kandi ingufu zari 200 w, kandi igipimo cyose cya COD cyo gukuramo amazi mabi cyari 96%.
Ubuvuzi bwa biochemical
Ikoranabuhanga ryo kuvura indwara za biochemical ni ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa cyane mu kuvura amazi yanduye mu miti, harimo uburyo bwa aerobic, uburyo bwa anaerobic, n'uburyo bwa aerobic-anaerobic buvanze.
Ubuvuzi bw'ibinyabuzima bwo mu kirere
Kubera ko amazi menshi yanduye akoreshwa mu miti ari amazi mabi yangiza cyane, muri rusange ni ngombwa ko amazi akoreshwa mu gusya mu gihe cyo kuvura indwara ya aerobic. Kubwibyo, ingufu zikoreshwa ni nyinshi, amazi mabi ashobora kuvurwa hifashishijwe imiti, kandi biragoye kuyasohora ku rugero rusanzwe nyuma yo kuvurwa hifashishijwe imiti ya aerobic. Kubwibyo, gukoresha imiti ya aerobic gusa. Hari uburyo buke bwo kuvura kandi ni ngombwa mbere yo kuyavura. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura hifashishijwe imiti ya aerobic burimo uburyo bwo gukoresha amazi asukuye, uburyo bwo guhumeka amazi mu kidendezi, uburyo bwo kuyungurura amazi mu kidendezi (AB method), uburyo bwo gukoresha amazi asukuye mu kidendezi, uburyo bwo gukoresha amazi asukuye mu kidendezi (SBR method), uburyo bwo gukoresha amazi asukuye mu kidendezi (CASS method), nibindi. (CASS method) nibindi.
Uburyo bwo guhumeka amazi mu mwobo wimbitse
Gushyira umwuka mu mazi mu nganda ni uburyo bwo gukoresha umwuka mu buryo bwihuse. Ubu buryo bufite igipimo cyo gukoresha umwuka wa ogisijeni mwinshi, ubuso buto, ingaruka nziza zo kuwutunganya, ishoramari rike, ikiguzi gito cyo kuwukoresha, nta mwanda uvamo kandi nta musaruro mwinshi w’umucanga ukorwa. Byongeye kandi, ingaruka zabwo zo gukingira ubushyuhe ni nziza, kandi uburyo bwo kuwutunganya ntibugira ingaruka ku miterere y’ikirere, bishobora gutuma imyanda yo mu gihe cy’itumba ikora neza mu turere tw’amajyaruguru. Nyuma y’uko amazi mabi y’umwimerere yo mu ruganda rw’imiti rwa Northeast atunganyijwe n’ikigega cy’amazi y’uburengerazuba, igipimo cyo gukuramo COD cyageze kuri 92.7%. Bigaragara ko ubushobozi bwo kuwutunganya ari bwinshi cyane, bikaba ingirakamaro cyane ku gutunganya ubutaha. Bigira uruhare runini.
Uburyo bwa AB
Uburyo bwa AB ni uburyo bwo gukuramo umwanda bukoresha imbaraga nyinshi cyane. Igipimo cyo gukuramo BOD5, COD, SS, fosifore na azote ya ammonia hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa AB muri rusange kiri hejuru ugereranyije n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gukuramo umwanda. Ibyiza byabwo bihebuje ni uko igice cya A gifite umutwaro mwinshi, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya impanuka, ndetse n'ingaruka nini zo gufunga ku gaciro ka pH n'ibintu byangiza. By'umwihariko, birakwiriye mu gutunganya imyanda hakoreshejwe ubwinshi bwinshi n'impinduka nini mu bwiza bw'amazi n'ubwinshi bwayo. Uburyo bwa Yang Junshi n'abandi bukoresha uburyo bwa hydrolysis acidification-AB biological method mu kuvura amazi yanduye ya antibiyotike, afite inzira ngufi, azigama ingufu, kandi ikiguzi cyo kuyatunganya kiri hasi ugereranije n'uburyo bwo kuvura amazi yanduye asa n'aya hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa chemical flocculation-biological.
ogisijeni y'ibinyabuzima ku gukoranaho
Iri koranabuhanga rihuza ibyiza byo gukoresha uburyo bwo gukamura amazi n'uburyo bwa biofilm, kandi rifite ibyiza byo gukoresha ingano nyinshi y'amazi, gukora amazi make, kudakora neza, gukora neza no gucunga neza. Imishinga myinshi ikoresha uburyo bw'ibice bibiri, bugamije korohereza ubwoko bukomeye mu byiciro bitandukanye, guha uruhare rusesuye ku ngaruka zifatika hagati y'udukoko dutandukanye, no kunoza ingaruka za biochemical no kudakora neza. Mu buhanga, igogora rya anaerobic no gushyira aside mu mubiri akenshi bikoreshwa nk'intambwe yo kuvura mbere yo kuvura, kandi inzira yo gukoresha aside mu gukorana n'amazi ikoreshwa mu kuvura amazi yanduye mu miti. Harbin North Pharmaceutical Factory ikoresha inzira yo gukoresha aside mu gukorana n'amazi mu gukorana n'amazi yanduye mu miti. Ibisubizo by'imikorere bigaragaza ko ingaruka zo kuvura zihamye kandi ko uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu bushoboka. Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora, imirima ikoreshwa nayo irushaho kuba myinshi.
Uburyo bwa SBR
Uburyo bwa SBR bufite ibyiza byo kudatakaza imbaraga, gukora cyane kw'imyanda, imiterere yoroshye, nta mpamvu yo gusubira inyuma, gukora neza, gupima ahantu hato, ishoramari rike, gukora neza, gukuraho amazi menshi mu butaka, no gukuraho fosifore neza. Amazi yanduye ahindagurika. Igerageza ryakozwe ku kuvura amazi yanduye mu miti hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa SBR rigaragaza ko igihe cyo guhumeka gifite ingaruka zikomeye ku ngaruka zo kuvura; gushyiraho ibice bitagira umwuka, cyane cyane imiterere ihoraho ya anaerobic na aerobic, bishobora kunoza cyane ingaruka zo kuvura; uburyo bwa SBR bwo kuvura PAC bushobora kunoza cyane ingaruka zo gukuraho amazi yanduye mu miti. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, uburyo bwarushijeho kuba bwiza kandi bukoreshwa cyane mu kuvura amazi yanduye mu miti.
Ubuvuzi bw'ibinyabuzima bwa Anaerobic
Kugeza ubu, gutunganya amazi mabi y’imyanda yo mu bwoko bwa organic afite ubwinshi bwinshi mu gihugu no mu mahanga bishingiye ahanini ku buryo bwo kutagira umwuka uhumanya ikirere, ariko COD y’amazi asukuye iracyari hejuru cyane nyuma yo kuvurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye bwo kutagira umwuka uhumanya ikirere, kandi nyuma yo kuvurwa (nk’ubuvuzi bwa aerobic biological) muri rusange birakenewe. Kugeza ubu, birakenewe gushimangira iterambere n’igishushanyo mbonera cy’imashini zikora neza cyane zo kutagira umwuka uhumanya ikirere, n’ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku mikorere. Ikoreshwa ryagutse cyane mu gutunganya amazi mabi mu by’imiti ni Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB), Anaerobic Composite Bed (UBF), Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR), hydrolysis, n’ibindi.
Itegeko rya UASB
Imashini ya UASB ifite ibyiza byo gukoresha neza igogora rya anaerobic, imiterere yoroshye, igihe gito cyo kubika amazi, kandi nta gikoresho gitandukanye cyo kugarura umwanda. Iyo UASB ikoreshejwe mu kuvura kanamycin, chlorine, VC, SD, glucose n'andi mazi mabi akorwa mu miti, ubusanzwe ingano ya SS ntabwo iba iri hejuru cyane kugira ngo igipimo cyo gukuraho COD kiri hejuru ya 85% kugeza 90%. Igipimo cyo gukuraho COD mu cyiciro cya kabiri cya UASB gishobora kugera ku kigero kirenga 90%.
Uburyo bwa UBF
Gura Wenning n'abandi. Ikizamini cyo kugereranya cyakozwe kuri UASB na UBF. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ko UBF ifite imiterere myiza yo kohereza no gutandukanya ibintu, ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibinyabuzima n'ibinyabuzima, ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibintu neza, no kudahungabana mu mikorere. Oxygen bioreactor.
Hydrolysis na aside building
Ikigega cya hydrolysis cyitwa Hydrolyzed Upstream Sludge Bed (HUSB) kandi ni UASB yahinduwe. Ugereranyije n'ikigega cyuzuye cy'amazi adafite umwuka, ikigega cya hydrolysis gifite ibyiza bikurikira: nta gufunga, nta kuvanga, nta gutandukanya ibice bitatu, bigabanya ikiguzi kandi byoroshya kubungabunga; gishobora kwangiza macromolecules n'ibintu bidafite ubuzima mu myanda bikavamo molekile nto. Ibintu bibora byoroshye kubora byongera ubushobozi bwo kubora bw'amazi mabi; igisubizo ni vuba, ingano y'ikigega ni nto, ishoramari mu bwubatsi bw'imari ni rito, kandi ingano y'imyanda iragabanuka. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, inzira ya hydrolysis-aerobic yakoreshejwe cyane mu kuvura amazi yanduye yo mu miti. Urugero, uruganda rwa biopharmaceutical rukoresha inzira ya hydrolytic acidification-ebyiri-step-biological contact oxidation process mu kuvura amazi yanduye yo mu miti. Imirimo irahamye kandi ingaruka zo gukuraho ibintu bibora ni nziza cyane. Igipimo cyo gukuraho COD, BOD5 SS na SS cyari 90.7%, 92.4% na 87.6%, uko bikurikirana.
Uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Anaerobic-aerobic
Kubera ko uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe aerobic cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe aerobic gusa budashobora kuzuza ibisabwa, uburyo bwo guhuza nk'uburyo bwo kuvura amazi yanduye adafite umwuka, uburyo bwo kuyahindura mu buryo busanzwe, uburyo bwo kuyahindura mu buryo busanzwe n'uburyo bwo kuyahindura mu buryo busanzwe, uburyo bwo kuyahindura mu buryo busanzwe n'uburyo bwo kuyatunganya butuma arushaho kwangirika, ubushobozi bwo kuyarwanya, ikiguzi cy'ishoramari n'uburyo bwo kuyatunganya. Ikoreshwa cyane mu buhanga kubera uburyo bumwe bwo kuyatunganya. Urugero, uruganda rukora imiti rukoresha uburyo bwo kuvura amazi yanduye adafite umwuka mu buryo busanzwe, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni 98%, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni 95%, kandi uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni budahindagurika. Uburyo bwo kuvura ni ikoranabuhanga rito cyane, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo kuyakuraho ni ikoranabuhanga. Iyo COD y'umuti iri hafi 12 000 mg/L, COD y'umuti uba uri munsi ya 300 mg/L; igipimo cyo gukuramo COD mu mazi yanduye akoreshwa mu buvuzi yavuwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa biofilm-SBR gishobora kugera kuri 87.5% ~ 98.31%, ari cyo kiri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'ingaruka zo gukoresha rimwe mu kuvura hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa biofilm n'uburyo bwa SBR.
Byongeye kandi, hamwe n’iterambere rihoraho ry’ikoranabuhanga rya membrane, ubushakashatsi ku ikoreshwa rya membrane bioreactor (MBR) mu kuvura amazi yanduye yo mu miti bwagiye bwiyongera buhoro buhoro. MBR ihuza imiterere y’ikoranabuhanga ryo gutandukanya membrane n’ubuvuzi bw’ibinyabuzima, kandi ifite ibyiza byo gutwara ingano nyinshi, kurwanya ingaruka zikomeye, ahantu hato, no gusigara k’umucanga muke. Uburyo bwa anaerobic membrane bioreactor bwakoreshejwe mu kuvura amazi yanduye ya aside chloride yo mu miti hakoreshejwe COD ya 25 000 mg / L. Igipimo cyo gukuraho COD muri sisitemu kiracyari hejuru ya 90%. Ku nshuro ya mbere, ubushobozi bwo guhata bagiteri kwangiza ibintu runaka by’ibinyabuzima bwakoreshejwe. Bioreactors zo gukuramo membrane zikoreshwa mu kuvura amazi yanduye yo mu nganda arimo 3,4-dichloroaniline. HRT yari amasaha 2, igipimo cyo gukuraho kigera kuri 99%, kandi ingaruka nziza zo kuvura zabonetse. Nubwo hari ikibazo cyo kwanduza membrane, hamwe n’iterambere rihoraho ry’ikoranabuhanga rya membrane, MBR izakoreshwa cyane mu rwego rwo kuvura amazi yanduye yo mu miti.
2. Uburyo bwo kuvura no guhitamo amazi yanduye yo mu miti
Imiterere y’amazi y’imyanda ya farumasi ituma amazi menshi y’imyanda ya farumasi adashobora kuvurwa na biokemike gusa, bityo hagomba gukorwa isuku mbere yo kuvurwa na biokemike. Muri rusange, hagomba gushyirwaho ikigega gipima ubwiza bw’amazi n’agaciro ka pH, kandi uburyo bwa fiziki cyangwa shimi bugomba gukoreshwa nk’uburyo bwo kuvura hakurikijwe uko ibintu bimeze mu by’ukuri kugira ngo hagabanuke SS, umunyu n’igice cya COD mu mazi, kugabanya ibintu bibuza ibinyabuzima kuvurwa n’amazi y’imyanda, no kunoza kwangirika kw’amazi y’imyanda, kugira ngo byorohereze kuvurwa na biokemike nyuma yaho.
Amazi yanduye yatunganyijwe mbere ashobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuvura amazi adafite umwuka n’amazi akoresha umwuka usanzwe bitewe n’imiterere y’amazi. Niba ibisabwa ku mazi ari byinshi, uburyo bwo kuvura amazi akoresha umwuka usanzwe bugomba gukomeza nyuma y’uburyo bwo kuvura amazi asanzwe. Guhitamo uburyo bwihariye bugomba gusuzuma ibintu nk’imiterere y’amazi yanduye, ingaruka z’uburyo bwo kuvura, ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo, n’imikorere n’imicungire yayo kugira ngo ikoranabuhanga ribe rishoboka kandi rihendutse. Uburyo bwose bukoreshwa ni uburyo buhuriweho bwo kuvura amazi asanzwe mbere yo kuyavura (nyuma yo kuyavura). Uburyo buhuriweho bwo kuvura amazi asanzwe hakoreshejwe hydrolysis adsorption-contact oxidation-filtration bukoreshwa mu kuvura amazi asanzwe arimo insuline y’ubukorano.
3. Gusubiramo no gukoresha ibintu by'ingirakamaro mu mazi yanduye akoreshwa mu miti
Guteza imbere umusaruro usukuye mu nganda zikora imiti, kunoza uburyo ibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa, uburyo ibicuruzwa biri hagati n’ibindi bikomoka kuri iyo miti bigaruzwa, no kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho umwanda mu buryo bwo kuwukora binyuze mu guhindura ikoranabuhanga. Bitewe n’umwihariko w’uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo gukora imiti, amazi yanduye aba arimo ibikoresho byinshi bishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Mu gutunganya ayo mazi yanduye mu miti, intambwe ya mbere ni ugushimangira uburyo ibikoresho bigaruzwa no gukoreshwa neza. Ku mazi yanduye yo mu miti afite umunyu wa ammoniyumu uri hagati ya 5% na 10%, agapapuro gafata amazi gakoreshwa mu gushonga, gukurura no gushushanya (NH4)2SO4 na NH4NO3 gafite igice kinini cya 30%. Bikoreshwe nk'ifumbire cyangwa kongera gukoreshwa. Inyungu z'ubukungu ziragaragara; ikigo cy’imiti gikoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse gikoresha uburyo bwo gusukura amazi yanduye mu gutunganya formaldehyde nyinshi cyane. Iyo gazi ya formaldehyde imaze kugaruzwa, ishobora guhindurwamo formalin reagent cyangwa igatwikwa nk'isoko y'ubushyuhe bw'amashyuza. Binyuze mu kugarura formaldehyde, ikoreshwa ry’umutungo mu buryo burambye rishobora kugerwaho, kandi ikiguzi cy’ishoramari ry’aho hantu ho gutunganya amazi gishobora kugaruzwa mu myaka 4 kugeza kuri 5, bigahuzwa n’inyungu z’ibidukikije n’inyungu z’ubukungu. Ariko, imiterere y’amazi yanduye akoreshwa mu miti iragoye, iragoye kongera gukoreshwa, inzira yo kuyagarura iragoye, kandi ikiguzi ni kinini. Kubwibyo, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kandi rinoze ryo gutunganya amazi yanduye ni ryo pfundo ryo gukemura burundu ikibazo cy’amazi yanduye.
4 Umwanzuro
Hari raporo nyinshi zatanzwe ku bijyanye no gutunganya amazi yanduye yo mu miti. Ariko, bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibikoresho fatizo n'imikorere mu nganda zikora imiti, ubwiza bw'amazi yanduye buratandukanye cyane. Kubwibyo, nta buryo bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye yo mu miti bugezweho kandi buhuriweho. Uburyo bwo guhitamo buterwa n'imiterere y'amazi yanduye. Dukurikije imiterere y'amazi yanduye, gutunganya mbere y'uko avugururwa muri rusange birakenewe kugira ngo amazi yanduye arusheho kubora, hagakurwaho imyanda, hanyuma bigashyirwa hamwe no gutunganya imiti ya biochemical. Muri iki gihe, guteza imbere igikoresho gitunganya amazi cyakozwe mu buryo buhendutse kandi bunoze ni ikibazo cyihutirwa kigomba gukemurwa.
UrugandaUbutabire bw'UbushinwaAnionic PAM Polyacrylamide Cationic Polymer Flocculant, Chitosan, Ifu ya Chitosan, gutunganya amazi yo kunywa, umuti ukuraho ibara ry'amazi, dammac, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dicyandiamide, dcda, defoamer, antifoam, pac, poly aluminium chloride, polyaluminium, polyelectrolyte, pam, polyacrylamide, polydadmac, pdadmac, polyamine, Ntabwo dutanga ubuziranenge ku baguzi bacu gusa, ahubwo icy'ingenzi kurushaho ni utanga serivisi nziza hamwe n'igiciro cyo kugurisha gihanitse.
Uruganda rwa ODM mu Bushinwa PAM, Anionic Polyacrylamide, HPAM, PHPA, Isosiyete yacu ikora ikurikije ihame ry’imikorere rya “ubunyangamugayo bushingiye ku bunyangamugayo, ubufatanye bushingiye ku bantu, ubufatanye bushingiye ku nyungu kuri bose”. Twizeye ko dushobora kugirana umubano mwiza n’abacuruzi baturutse impande zose z’isi.
Byakuwe muri Baidu.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Kanama-15-2022