Benshi mu baturage bo mu gihugu cyanjye baba mu mijyi mito no mu cyaro, n'umwanda wo mu cyaro ku byaro byahaye amazi byarebye ubwitonzi. Usibye umubare muto wo kuvura mu karere k'iburengerazuba, umubare w'imyanda mu cyaro cy'icyaro cyanjye muri rusange wiyongereye. Ariko, igihugu cyanjye gifite ubutaka bunini, nibidukikije, ingeso zizima nubukungu bwimijyi n'imidugudu mu turere dutandukanye biratandukanye cyane. Nigute wakora akazi keza mu kwegereza agaciro kashe ukurikije imiterere yaho, uburambe bwibihugu byateye imbere birakwiye kwiga.
igihugu cyanjye nyamukuru cyegerejwe abaturage Ikoranabuhanga
Hariho cyane cyane ubwoko bukurikira bwo kwikoranabuhanga mu cyaro mu gihugu cyanjye (reba Ishusho 1): Ikoranabuhanga rya Biofilm, ikoranabuhanga mu buvuzi bw'ibidukikije, ikoranabuhanga ryo kuvura ubutaka n'ikoranabuhanga mu bidukikije ndetse n'ibidukikije. Impamyabumenyi yo gusaba, kandi ufite ibibazo byatsinze imiyoborere. Dukurikije uko ingamba zo kuvura imyanda, ubushobozi bwo gutunganya amazi muri rusange buri munsi ya toni 500.
1.. Ibyiza n'ibibi byo mu cyaro cyo kuvura icyaro
Mubikorwa byo kuvura icyaro, buri nzira yo gutunganya yerekana ibyiza nibibi:
Uburyo bwa SLLGET: Kugenzura byoroshye no kugenzura byikora, ariko impuzandengo yikigereranyo kuri buri rugo ni hejuru, kandi abakozi badasanzwe basabwa gukora no kubungabunga.
Ikoranabuhanga rya Grandland: Igiciro cyo kubaka muke, ariko igipimo gito cyo gukuraho no gukora nabi no gucunga.
Ubuvuzi bw'ubutaka: kubaka, gukora no kubungabunga biroroshye, kandi ikiguzi ni gito, ariko gishobora guhumana amazi yubutaka kandi gikasaba imihango yo gukora igihe kirekire no gucunga neza.
Ibinyabuzima bihinduka + uburiri bwibimera: Birakwiye mukarere k'amajyepfo, ariko biragoye gukora no kubungabunga.
Siwage ntoya yo kuvura imyanda: Hafi yuburyo bwo kuvura imyanda yo murugo. Ibyiza ni uko ubuziranenge bw'amazi meza ari bwiza, kandi ibibi nuko bidashobora guhaza ibikenewe mu byaro by'ubuhinzi bwo mu cyaro.
Nubwo ahantu hamwe hateza imbere "Isezerano ridakoreshwa" Ikoranabuhanga ryo Kuvura Ikoranabuhanga rya Ikoranabuhanga rya Ikoranabuhanga rya Ikoranabuhanga rya Ikoranabuhanga rya Ikoranabuhanga rya Vade. Kugeza ubu, mu cyaro byinshi, ubutaka bugenerwa ingo, kandi hari ibihugu bike bya Leta, kandi umubare w'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka mu turere twateye imbere mu bukungu niwe muto cyane. Umutungo muremure, muto wubutaka uboneka kugirango uvure. Kubwibyo, "dinamike" ikoranabuhanga ryibikorwa byumuvuzi rifite ibyiringiro byiza mubice bifite imikoreshereze yubutaka buke, ubukungu bwateye imbere, ubukungu bwateye imbere hamwe nibisabwa byinshi byamazi. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kuvura rikoresha ingufu kandi rigabanya imikoreshereze ryabaye inzira yo kwegereza imfashanya mu gihugu mu gihugu mu gihugu no mu mijyi.
2. Uburyo bwo guhuza Ikoranabuhanga ryo Kuvura Ikoranabuhanga
Igihugu cyanjye cyo mucyaro cyanjye cyakozwe mucyaro gihuza ahanini ni uburyo butatu bukurikira:
Uburyo bwa mbere ni Mbr cyangwa Twandikire Okidetion cyangwa Gukora sludge. Umwanya wa mbere winjiye muri ikigega cya Septique, hanyuma winjije ishami rishinzwe kuvura ibinyabuzima, kandi amaherezo usohotse mu mubiri w'amazi uzengurutse kugira ngo ukoreshe. Icyaro cya kabiri cyo gufata ni rusange.
Uburyo bwa kabiri ni igishanga cya Anaerobic cyangwa ibihimbano cyangwa anaerobic + icyuzi cyangwa anaerobic + nyuma yibidukikije, kandi nyuma yo kuvura ibidukikije, kandi bisohozwa ibidukikije cyangwa byinjira gukoresha ubuhinzi.
Uburyo bwa gatatu bukora sludge + igishanga cya artimay, ikora sludge + icyumba, hakoreshejwe ibishushanyo mbonera, kandi, ibikoresho byo kuvura ibidukikije + byongeye kuvura ibidukikije byo gukuraho azote na fosifore.
Mubyiciro bifatika, uburyo bwa mbere buranga umubare munini, ugera kuri 61%).
Mubihe bitatu byavuzwe haruguru, Mbr ifite ingaruka nziza yo kuvura kandi ikwiranye na bimwe nibisabwa mumazi meza, ariko igiciro cyibikorwa ni hejuru. Ikiguzi cyo gukora no kubaka iyubakwa ryamasengero yubatswe na Anaerobic ni hasi cyane, ariko niba bifatwa neza, birakenewe kongera inzira ya Aeration, ni ngombwa kongera inzira ya Aeration kugirango igere kubintu byiza byamazi.
Icyerekezo cyegerejwe abaturage Ikoranabuhanga ryo Kuvura Ikoranabuhanga
1. Amerika
Ku bijyanye na sisitemu yo kuyobora n'ibisabwa bya tekiniki, uburyo bwegerejwe mu buryo bwegerejwe muri Amerika bukora munsi y'urwego rwuzuye. Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo kuvura bugamije imiti igana kuri Leta muri Amerika ahanini bifite ikoranabuhanga rikurikira:
Ikigega cya Septique. Ibigega bya Septique no kuvura ubutaka bikunze gukoreshwa tekinoroji mu mahanga. Nk'uko amakuru y'ubushakashatsi ku Budage abitangaza, hafi 32% y'imyanda ibereye kuvurwa ubutaka, muri bo 10-20% ntizemewe. Impamvu yo kunanirwa irashobora kuba gahunda yanduza amazi yubutaka, nka: Gukoresha cyane; umutwaro urenze hydraulic; ibibazo byo gushushanya no kwishyiriraho; Ibibazo byo gucunga ibikorwa, nibindi
Umucangura. Gukangurira umucanga ni ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa cyane muri Amerika, rishobora kugera ku ngaruka nziza zo gukuraho.
Kuvura ikirere. Ubuvuzi bw'indege bukoreshwa ahantu henshi muri Amerika, kandi ubuvuzi muri rusange 1.5-5.7T / D, ukoresheje uburyo bwa turcelogiya cyangwa gukora slud. Mu myaka yashize, Amerika nayo yahinduye akamaro kanini mu gukemura neza azote na fosifore. Ameriya muri azote muri Amerika iboneka mu mazi. Ni ngombwa kugabanya amafaranga yo gutunganya nyuma anyuze mu gutandukana hakiri kare.
Byongeye kandi, hariho kwanduza, gukuraho intungamubiri, gutandukana no gutandukana, na N na p gukuraho no gukira.
2. Ubuyapani
Ubuyapani bwegereje mu Buyapani bwakozwe na Ikoranabuhanga mu kuvura buzwi cyane kuri sisitemu yo kuvura Septic Tank. Inkomoko y'imyanda yo mu rugo mu Buyapani hariho bimwe bitandukanye n'abari mu gihugu cyanjye. Bikusanyirijwe ahanini ukurikije ibyiciro byamazi yimyenda nigikoni.
Ibigega bya Septique mu Buyapani byashizwe mu bice bitabereye gukusanya umuyoboro wa pie kandi aho ubucucike bw'abaturage buke. Ibigega bya Septique byateguwe kubantu batandukanye nibipimo. Nubwo ibigega bya Septic biriho bisimburwa ibisekuruza byagiye bisimburana, baracyiganjemo imbeba. Nyuma ya Ao Reaction, Anaerobic, ikubye cyane, aerobic, gutandukana, kwanduza, kwanduza nibindi bikorwa, bigomba kuvugwa ko ikigega cya Septique kiri mubikorwa bisanzwe. Gusaba neza ibigega bya Septique mu Buyapani ntabwo ari ikibazo cya tekiniki gusa, ahubwo ni gahunda yo gucunga yuzuye munsi yurwego rwuzuye, gukora ikibazo cyuzuye. Kugeza ubu, hari ibibazo byo gusaba by'ibigega bya Septique mu gihugu cyacu, kandi twakagombye kuvugwa ko hari amasoko yo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya. Ibihugu nka nko mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, Indoneziya, na Filipine na byo bigira ingaruka kuri politiki yo kuvura indwara zo mu Buyapani. Maleziya na Indoneziya bakoze ibisobanuro bya tekiniki zabo n'amabwiriza y'imbere mu gihugu, ariko mu bikorwa ibi bisobanuro n'amabwiriza ntibishobora kuba bikwiriye imiterere y'ubukungu iriho.
3. Umuryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi
Mubyukuri, hari ibihugu byateye imbere mubukungu nibikorwa byubuhanga, kimwe nubukungu bwuganje kandi technologique. Ku bijyanye n'iterambere ry'ubukungu, birasa n'ibisabwa mu Bushinwa. Nyuma yo kugera ku mva y'ubukungu, Ubumwe nabwo bukora cyane bwo kunoza uburyo bwo kuvura, kandi mu 2005 batsinze EU buri rwego EN12566-3 ku buvuzi buke bwegerejwe mu buryo bwegerejwe. Iki gipimo gikwiye kuvugwa ko ari uburyo bwo guhuza ingamba zo guhangana n'ibiryo byaho, imiterere yuburyo, nibindi, guhitamo tekinoloji itandukanye yo kuvura, cyane cyane harimo no kuvura ubutaka. Mu zindi somo ry'ibipimo, ibikoresho byuzuye, ibihingwa bito byo kuvura imyanda na sisitemu yo kwitegura no muri gahunda.
4. Ubuhinde
After briefly introducing the cases of several developed countries, let me introduce the situation of developing countries in Southeast Asia that are relatively close to my country's economically underdeveloped regions. Imyanda yo murugo mu Buhinde ikomoka ahanini mu gikoni. Ku bijyanye no kuvura imyanda, tekinoroji ya Septique kuri ubu ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya. Ariko ikibazo rusange kirasa nubw'igihugu cyacu, ni ukuvuga, ubwoko bwose bw'ubwoko bw'amazi buragaragara cyane. Dufashijwe na Guverinoma y'Ubuhinde, ibikorwa na gahunda byo gutegura neza ibigega bya Septique birakomeje, hamwe n'ibisobanuro byo kuvura Septique kuvura no kuvugana na tekinoroji ya okiside mu mwanya.
5. Indoneziya
Indoneziya iherereye mu turere tworo. Nubwo iterambere ry'ubukungu mu cyaro ugereranije nsubira inyuma, imyanda yo mu rugo y'abaturage baho isohoka mu nzuzi. Kubwibyo, imiterere yubuzima bwo mu cyaro muri Maleziya, Tayilande, Vietnam nibindi bihugu ntabwo ari byiza. Gushyira mu bikorwa ibigega bya Septique muri Indoneziya 50%, kandi kandi byatumye politiki zibishinzwe zigamije guteza imbere imikoreshereze n'imikoreshereze y'ibigega bya Septique muri Indoneziya.
Inararibonye zamahanga
Muri make, ibihugu byateye imbere bifite uburambe bwinshi igihugu cyanjye kirashobora kwigiraho: Sisitemu yo Gusanzwe mu bihugu byateye imbere irarangiye kandi zisanzwe, kandi hari gahunda yo gucunga imikorere, harimo amahugurwa yo gucunga imikorere n'uburere mboneragihugu n'uburere mboneragihugu. , mugihe amahame yo kwivuza mubihugu byateye imbere birasobanutse neza.
Bishyize mu buryo bwihariye: (1) Menyesha inshingano zo kuvura imyanda, kandi muri icyo gihe, Leta ishyigikira uburyo bwo kwegereza ubumwe binyuze mu mafranga na politiki; shiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho byo kugenzura no kuyobora kwegereza agaciro kashe; . . (4) Umwihariko (5) kumenyekanisha no kwiga hamwe n'imishinga yo kwitabira abaturage, nibindi
Muburyo bwo gusaba bufatika, uburambe bwatsinze n'amasomo yo gutsindwa ni incamake yo kumenya iterambere rirambye ryikoranabuhanga mu gihugu cyakozwe mu gihugu.
Cr.antop
Kohereza Igihe: APR-13-2023