Isesengura ry'ubushobozi bwo gukoresha mu gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda
1. Intangiriro y'ibanze
Umwanda ukabije w’icyuma bivuze umwanda ukabije w’ibidukikije uterwa n’ibyuma biremereye cyangwa ibintu biwugize. Uterwa ahanini n’ibintu bikomoka ku bantu nko gucukura amabuye y’agaciro, imyuka iva mu myanda, kuhira imyanda no gukoresha ibikoresho by’icyuma biremereye. Urugero, indwara z’ikirere cyo mu mazi n’indwara z’ububabare mu Buyapani biterwa n’umwanda wa mercure na cadmium. Ingano y’ibyangiritse iterwa n’ubwinshi n’imiterere y’ibinyabutabire by’icyuma biremereye mu bidukikije, mu biribwa no mu binyabuzima. Umwanda ukabije w’icyuma ugaragara cyane cyane mu mwanda ukabije w’amazi, kandi igice cyawo kiri mu kirere no mu myanda ikomeye.
Ibikoresho biremereye bivuga ibyuma bifite uburemere bwihariye (ubucucike) burenga 4 cyangwa 5, kandi hari ubwoko bugera kuri 45 bw'ibyuma, nka umuringa, icyuma, zinki, icyuma, diyama, nikeli, vanadium, silicon, buto, titaniyumu, manganese, cadmium, mercure, tungsten, molybdenum, zahabu, Feza, nibindi. Nubwo manganese, umuringa, zinki nibindi byuma biremereye ari ibintu bike bikenewe mu bikorwa byubuzima, inyinshi mu byuma biremereye nka mercure, icyuma, cadmium, nibindi ntabwo ari ngombwa mu bikorwa byubuzima, kandi ibyuma biremereye byose birengeje urugero runaka ni uburozi ku mubiri wumuntu.
Ubusanzwe ibyuma biremereye bibaho mu buryo busanzwe mu buryo bw’umwimerere. Ariko, bitewe n’uko abantu bagenda barushaho gukoresha, gushongesha, gutunganya no gukora ibyuma biremereye mu bucuruzi, ibyuma byinshi biremereye nka lisansi, mercure, cadmium, cobalt, nibindi byinjira mu kirere, mu mazi no mu butaka. Bitera umwanda ukomeye ku bidukikije. Ibikoresho biremereye mu bintu bitandukanye bya shimi cyangwa imiterere ya shimi bizakomeza, byirundanye kandi bigende nyuma yo kwinjira mu bidukikije cyangwa mu rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, bigatera ingaruka mbi. Urugero, ibyuma biremereye biva mu mazi mabi bishobora kwirundanya mu byondo byo hasi nubwo byaba ari bike, kandi bigakwirakwira ku butaka bw’amafi n’ibinyamisogwe, bigatuma habaho uruhererekane rw’ibiribwa, bityo bigatera umwanda. Urugero, indwara zo mu mazi mu Buyapani ziterwa na mercure iri mu mazi mabi asohoka mu nganda zikora soda, ihinduka mercure y’umwimerere binyuze mu bikorwa bya binyabuzima; urundi rugero ni ububabare, buterwa na cadmium iva mu nganda zitunganya zinc n’inganda zitunganya cadmium. Ku. Icupa ry’ubutare riva mu modoka ryinjira mu bidukikije binyuze mu gukwirakwira kw’ikirere n’izindi nzira, bigatuma ubwinshi bw’ubutare buri hejuru y’ubu, bigatuma icyuma cy’ubutare gikwirakwira mu bantu ba none inshuro zigera ku 100 kurusha icy’abantu ba kera, kandi kikangiza ubuzima bw’abantu.
Umuti wo gutunganya amazi mu byuma biremereye bya macromolecular, polymer y'umukara n'umutuku, ishobora gukorana vuba na iyoni zitandukanye z'ibyuma biremereye mu mazi yanduye ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba, nka Hg+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, nibindi. Ikora neza mu gukora imyunyu idafite amazi ishobora gushonga, ikaba irenga 99%. Uburyo bwo kuyitunganya ni bworoshye kandi bworoshye, ikiguzi ni gito, ingaruka ni nyinshi, ingano y'imyanda ni nto, ihamye, ntigira uburozi, kandi nta mwanda uhari. Ishobora gukoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda z'ikoranabuhanga, mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no mu bushongi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, mu nganda zitunganya ibyuma, mu nganda zitunganya amashanyarazi no mu zindi nganda. Ingano ya pH ikoreshwa: 2-7.
2. Ahantu ho gukoresha ibicuruzwa
Kubera ko ikoreshwa cyane mu gukuraho iyoni z'icyuma kiremereye, ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyikoresha. Ishobora gukoreshwa hafi ya yose mu mazi yanduye arimo iyoni z'icyuma kiremereye.
3. Koresha uburyo n'imigendekere isanzwe y'ibikorwa
1. Uburyo bwo gukoresha
1. Ongeraho hanyuma uvange
① Shyiramo umuti wo gutunganya amazi ya polimeri mu mazi yanduye arimo iyoni, ukore ako kanya, uburyo bwiza ni ukuvanga buri minota 10;
②Kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ingano y'icyuma gikomeye mu mazi yanduye, hagomba gukoreshwa igerageza rya laboratwari kugira ngo hamenyekane ingano y'icyuma gikomeye cyongewemo.
③Mu gutunganya amazi yanduye arimo iyoni z'ibyuma biremereye afite ubunini butandukanye, ingano y'ibikoresho fatizo byongewemo ishobora kugenzurwa na ORP mu buryo bwikora
2. Ibikoresho bisanzwe n'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga
1. Shyira amazi mu buryo bwa mbere 2. Kugira ngo ubone PH=2-7, ongeramo aside cyangwa alkali unyuze muri PH regulator 3. Genzura ingano y'ibikoresho fatizo byongewemo unyuze muri regulator ya redox 4. Flocculant (potassium aluminium sulfate) 5. Igihe cyo kuba muri tanki yo gukangura ni iminota 10 76, igihe cyo kubika tanki yo guteranya ni iminota 10 7, tanki yo gukamura plate sloping plate sedimentation 8, sludge 9, reservoir 10, filter 121, pH ya nyuma yo kugenzura pisine yo gusohora amazi 12, amazi yo gusohora amazi
4. Isesengura ry'inyungu z'ubukungu
Dufashe amazi yanduye akoreshwa mu byuma biremereye nk'amazi asanzwe akoreshwa mu byuma biremereye, muri uru rwego rwonyine, ibigo bitanga serivisi bizagira inyungu nini mu mibereho no mu bukungu. Amazi yanduye akoreshwa mu byuma biremereye ahanini aturuka mu mazi yoza ibice bikoreshwa mu byuma biremereye n'amazi make akoreshwa mu gutunganya imyanda. Ubwoko, ingano n'imiterere y'ibyuma biremereye mu mazi yanduye biratandukanye cyane bitewe n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'umusaruro, ahanini birimo iyoni z'ibyuma biremereye nka umuringa, chromium, zinc, cadmium, na nikeli. Dukurikije imibare ituzuye, amazi yanduye asohoka buri mwaka mu nganda zikoresha amashanyarazi gusa arenga toni miliyoni 400.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi buzwiho kuba uburyo bwiza kandi bwimbitse. Ariko, ukurikije ibyavuye mu myaka myinshi, uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi bwagize ibibazo nko kudakora neza, ubukungu bukoresha neza ndetse n'ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije. Uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye hakoreshejwe polymer buremereye burakemuka neza cyane. Ikibazo cyavuzwe haruguru.
4. Isuzuma ryimbitse ry'umushinga
1. Ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kugabanya CrV, urwego rwa pH rwo kugabanya Cr” ni rugari (2 ~ 6), kandi inyinshi muri zo zifite aside nkeya
Amazi yanduye avanze ashobora gukuraho ikibazo cyo kongeramo aside.
2. Ni alkaline cyane, kandi agaciro ka pH gashobora kwiyongera icyarimwe iyo yongewemo. Iyo pH igeze kuri 7.0, Cr (VI), Cr3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, n'ibindi bishobora kugera ku rugero rusanzwe, ni ukuvuga ko ibyuma biremereye bishobora kwiyongera mu gihe bigabanya igiciro cya VI. Amazi yavuwe yujuje neza amahame y’igihugu yo gusohora amazi yo mu rwego rwa mbere.
3. Igiciro gito. Ugereranyije na sodium sulfide isanzwe, ikiguzi cyo kuyitunganya cyagabanutseho RMB irenga 0.1 kuri toni.
4. Umuvuduko wo gutunganya ibintu ni wihuta, kandi umushinga wo kurengera ibidukikije urakora neza cyane. Imvura iragwa byoroshye kuyituraho, ikaba yihuta inshuro ebyiri kurusha uburyo bwo gukoresha ishwagara. Imvura ya F-, P043 igwa icyarimwe mu mazi yanduye
5. Ingano y'ibitaka ni nto, kimwe cya kabiri cy'uburyo gakondo bwo kuvura ibinyabutabire
6. Nta mwanda wa kabiri w’ibyuma biremereye ubaho nyuma yo kuvurwa, kandi karubone y’umuringa isanzwe yoroshye kuyivanga;
7. Hatabayeho kuziba igitambaro cyo kuyungurura, gishobora gutunganywa buri gihe
Inkomoko y'iyi nkuru: Sina Aiwen yasangije amakuru
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-29-2021